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A.\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\) \(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+1-n\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
=\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b. ap dungtinh B =\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=1-\frac{1}{10}=\frac{9}{10}\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(a=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{\frac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{2}}=\sqrt{\frac{(\sqrt{3}+1)^2}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{2}}=b\)
b)
\( b=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{12+1+2\sqrt{12}}}=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{(\sqrt{12}+1)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{5-(\sqrt{12}+1)}=\sqrt{4-\sqrt{12}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3+1-2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}=\sqrt{3}-1=c\)
c)
\(\sqrt{n+2}>\sqrt{n+1}; \sqrt{n+1}> -\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{n+2}+\sqrt{n+1}> \sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Nếu đề đúng:
Sử dụng liên hợp để trục căn thức ở mẫu:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{5}}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{5-1}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{4}\)
Tương tự như vậy ta sẽ có:
\(N=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+1\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{13}-\sqrt{9}}{\left(\sqrt{13}-\sqrt{9}\right)\left(\sqrt{13}+\sqrt{9}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{17}-\sqrt{13}}{\left(\sqrt{17}-\sqrt{13}\right)\left(\sqrt{17}+\sqrt{13}\right)}\)
\(+\frac{\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{17}}{\left(\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{17}\right)\left(\sqrt{21}+\sqrt{17}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{23}}{\left(\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{23}\right)\left(\sqrt{25}+\sqrt{23}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{13}-\sqrt{9}}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{17}-\sqrt{13}}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{17}}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{23}}{4}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1+\sqrt{13}-\sqrt{9}+\sqrt{17}-\sqrt{13}+\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{17}+\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{23}}{4}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1-\sqrt{9}+\sqrt{21}+\sqrt{25}-\sqrt{23}}{4}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-1-3+\sqrt{21}+5-\sqrt{23}}{4}=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{23}}{4}\)
Lời giải
Với mọi $n\in\mathbb{N}$ ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}> \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}> \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\)
.....
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}> \underbrace{\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}}_{\text{n số}}=\frac{n}{\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n}\)
(chứng minh xong vế 1)
Vế 2:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}}{1-0}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}}{n-(n-1)}\)
\(=\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{0}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}=\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\sqrt{n}\) (đpcm)
Vậy....
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)-n}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}< \sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Áp dụng : \(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2500}}=2\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2500}}\right)< 2\left(1+\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2500}-\sqrt{2499}\right)=2\sqrt{2500}=2.50=100\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.
