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\(A=\sqrt{19-3\sqrt{40}}-\sqrt{19+3\sqrt{40}}=\sqrt{19-2\sqrt{90}}-\sqrt{19+2\sqrt{90}}=\sqrt{10-2.\sqrt{10}.3+9}-\sqrt{10+2.\sqrt{10}.3+9}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{10}-3\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{10}+3\right)^2}=\sqrt{10}-3-\sqrt{10}-3=-6\)\(B=\sqrt{21-6\sqrt{6}}+\sqrt{9+2\sqrt{18}}-2\sqrt{6+3\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{18-2.\sqrt{18}.\sqrt{3}+3}+\sqrt{6+2.\sqrt{3}.\sqrt{6}+3}-\sqrt{24+12\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{18}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{\sqrt{3}}\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{18}+\sqrt{6}\right)^2}=\sqrt{18}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{18}-\sqrt{6}=0\)
\(C=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{2\sqrt{3-\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}}}\)
\(C=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3-\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}}}\)
\(C=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{3-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}}}\) \(=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{2}\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\)
\(=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}}\) \(=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}=\sqrt{3}+1\)
\(D=\sqrt{\frac{8+2\sqrt{15}}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{14-6\sqrt{5}}{2}}\) \(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{\left(3-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}-3+\sqrt{5}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{6}-3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(E=\sqrt{\frac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{2}}\) \(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}+1+\sqrt{3}-1}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{6}\)
\(F=\sqrt{\frac{24-6\sqrt{7}}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{24+6\sqrt{7}}{2}}\) \(=\sqrt{\frac{21-2\sqrt{21\cdot3}+3}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{21+2\sqrt{21\cdot3}+3}{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{2}}-\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{21}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{21}-\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{-2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{2}}=-\sqrt{6}\)
\(G=\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\cdot\sqrt{12-6\sqrt{3}}\) \(=\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\cdot\sqrt{\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(=\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(3-\sqrt{3}\right)=9-3=6\)
\(H=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(3-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}\) \(=\sqrt{5}-2-3-\sqrt{5}=-5\)
\(I=\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}-\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}-1-2\sqrt{3}+1=2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{3}\)
h)
\(H=\frac{(\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}})^2-(\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}})^2}{\sqrt{(2-\sqrt{3})(2+\sqrt{3})}}=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}-(2-\sqrt{3})}{\sqrt{2^2-3}}=2\sqrt{3}\)
i)
\(I=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3+1+2\sqrt{3.1}}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{3+1-2\sqrt{3.1}}}=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}+1)^2}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{2+\sqrt{3}+1}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{2-(\sqrt{3}-1)}=\frac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2-\sqrt{3}}{3-\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{(2+\sqrt{3})(3-\sqrt{3})+(2-\sqrt{3})(3+\sqrt{3})}{(3+\sqrt{3})(3-\sqrt{3})}=\frac{6}{6}=1\)
ê)
\(\sqrt{8+\sqrt{8}+\sqrt{20}+\sqrt{40}}=\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{5}+2\sqrt{10}}\)
\(=\sqrt{(2+5+2\sqrt{2.5})+1+2(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5})}\)
\(=\sqrt{(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5})^2+1+2(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5})}=\sqrt{(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}+1)^2}=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{5}+1\)
g)
\(13+\sqrt{48}=13+2\sqrt{12}=12+1+2\sqrt{12.1}=(\sqrt{12}+1)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}=\sqrt{12}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{3+\sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}}=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{12}}=\sqrt{3+1+2\sqrt{3.1}}=\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}+1)^2}=\sqrt{3}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow 2\sqrt{3-\sqrt{3+\sqrt{13+\sqrt{48}}}}=2\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{4-2\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}-1)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}(\sqrt{3}-1)=\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow G=1\)
2.1
\(A=\sqrt{6+2\sqrt{5}}-\sqrt{6-2\sqrt{5}}=\sqrt{5+2\sqrt{5.1}+1}-\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5.1}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{(\sqrt{5}+1)^2}-\sqrt{(\sqrt{5}-1)^2}=|\sqrt{5}+1|-|\sqrt{5}-1|=2\)
2.2
\(B\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{8+2\sqrt{15}}+\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{15}}-2\sqrt{6-2\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\sqrt{3+2\sqrt{3.5}+5}+\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{3.5}+5}-2\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5.1}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5})^2}+\sqrt{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5})^2}-2\sqrt{(\sqrt{5}-1)^2}\)
\(=|\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}|+|\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{5}|-2|\sqrt{5}-1|=2\)
$\Rightarrow B=\sqrt{2}$
Bài 1:
1. ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2x-1\geq 0\\ x-3\geq 0\\ 5-x>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq \frac{1}{2}\\ x\geq 3\\ x< 5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow 3\leq x< 5\)
2.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x-1\geq 0\\ 2-x\geq 0\\ x+1>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\geq 1\\ x\leq 2\\ x>-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow 1\leq x\leq 2\)
1: \(=\sqrt{36}=6\)
2: \(=\sqrt{\left(15-9\right)\left(15+9\right)}=\sqrt{24\cdot6}=12\)
3: \(=3\sqrt{5}-1-3\sqrt{5}-1=-2\)
4: \(=3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}=2\sqrt{3}\)
5: \(=\left(2+\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)=5-4=1\)