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Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets
One of the rrasons that the water....pollution......(pollute)problem is so severe is that it is not actually...illegal.......( legal) to dump pollutants into water bodies. Sewage, sludge, garbage , and even toxic.....pollutants.....(pollute) are all dumped into the water. Often, governments either do not care or...simply.....( simple) look the other way. Across the world, about half of all sewage is dumped into water bodies in its.....original..(origin) form. No efforts are made to disinfect the sewage or to remove especially .......harmful...(harm)pollutants. Even if sewage is treated, problems still arise.--Untreated--------(treat) sewage forms sludge, which is sent out into the sea and dumped. In addition to sewage, ......chemical.......(chemistry) dumped by industries are another major source of water pollution.
Complete these sentences with the adjective or adverb form of the word in the box.
Careful(ly), thoughtful(ly),hard(ly),sad(ly),happy/happily,beautiful(ly),good/well,awful(ly),fluent(ly),direct(ly)
1.Most of the students did.......well.. on their tests. Their test results were......good.....
2. An is a.....careful... students. He always checks his work.....carefully........
3. Jane looked at her book......thoughtfully... before she answered the teacher's question.
4. Jame looked very......sad...because he failed in his final exam.
5. The children seemed......happy.... They was playing ..happily........... in the park.
6. Her mother was a very......beautiful......woman and she was always so.............beautifully...dressed.
7. You don't think you've been working too......hard.......? You......hardly...... have any free time for your family now.
8. Monica' s English is very....fluent......although she makes quite a lot of mistake.
9. They pump raw sewage......directly....into the sea.
10. She said she had a sore throat and was feeling.......awfully......
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in brackets
One of the rrasons that the water......pollution.....(pollute)problem is so severe is that it is not actually......illegal....( legal) to dump pollutants into water bodies. Sewage, sludge, garbage , and even toxic....pollutants......(pollute) are all dumped into the water. Often, governments either do not care or.....simply....( simple) look the other way. Across the world, about half of all sewage is dumped into water bodies in its...original....(origin) form. No efforts are made to disinfect the sewage or to remove especially .....harmful.....(harm)pollutants. Even if sewage is treated, problems still arise.-----Treated-----(treat) sewage forms sludge, which is sent out into the sea and dumped. In addition to sewage, .......chemicals......(chemistry) dumped by industries are another major source of water pollution.
Read the passage carefully then fill in the blank a suitable word.
As swimming became a popular recreation in England during the 1860s and 1870s, several _water__ sports developed, roughly patterned after land sports. _Among__ them were water footbal (or soccer), water rugby, water handball, and water polo, in which player rode on floating barrels, painted to look _like__ horses, and struck the ball with a stick.
Water rugby became most popular of these sports, but somehow the water polo name became attached to it, and it's been attached _ever__ since.
As played in England, the object of the sport was for a player to touch the ball, with both _hands __, at the goal end of the pool. The goaltender stood on the pool deck, ready to dive on any opponent who was about to score.
Water polo quickly became a very rough sport, filled _with __ underwater fights away from the ball, and it wasn't unusual for players to pass out for lack of air.
In 1877, the sport was tamed in Scotland by the addiction of goalposts. The Scots also replace _the__ original small, hard rubber ball with soccer ball and adopted _rules__ that prohibited taking the ball under the surface or, "tackling" a player unless he had the ball.
The Scottish game, which emphasized swimming speed, passing and __team_ work, spread to England during the early 1880s, to Hungary in 1889, to Austria and Germany in 1894, to France in 1895, and __to_ Belgium in 1900.
Water polo was the first team sport added to the Olympic program, in 1900.
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse