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ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne0\)
Đặt \(x+\frac{1}{x}=a\Leftrightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+2=a^2\Rightarrow x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}=a^2-2\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(4\left(a^2-2\right)-16a+23=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2-16a+15=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{5}{2}\\a=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{1}{x}=\frac{5}{2}\\x+\frac{1}{x}=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-5x+2=0\\2x^2-3x+2=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
đkxđ:x≠0
đặt t=x+\(\frac{1}{x}\)
ta có: t2=x2+\(\frac{1}{x^2}\)+2
⇒x2+\(\frac{1}{x^2}\)=t2-2
⇒phương trình trở thành:
4(t2-2)-16t+23=0
⇔4t2-16t+15=0
Δ=(-16)2-4.4.15=16
⇒phương trình có 2 nghiệm phân biệt
⇒t1=\(\frac{5}{2}\)⇒x+\(\frac{1}{x}\)=\(\frac{5}{2}\)⇒2x2-5x+2=0⇒x=2 hoặc x=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
t2=\(\frac{3}{2}\)⇒x+\(\frac{1}{x}\)=\(\frac{3}{2}\)⇒ 2x2 -3x +2 =0(vô nghiệm)
Vậy x=2 hoặc x=\(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}\)\(\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{2a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{2c^2+a^2}=\frac{1}{a^2+a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2+c^2+a^2}\)
\(< =\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)+\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)+\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)\)(bđt svacxo)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\cdot3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\cdot3\cdot\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{9}\cdot1=\frac{1}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2b^2+c^2}+\frac{1}{2c^2+a^2}< =\frac{1}{9}\)(đpcm)
dấu = xảy ra khi \(\frac{1}{a^2}=\frac{1}{b^2}=\frac{1}{c^2}=\frac{1}{9}\Rightarrow a=b=c=3\)
(*) CM BĐT : \(2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\) ( biến đổi tương đương là được )
Áp dụng :
\(2\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\right]\ge\left(x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\)
TA có : \(x+\frac{1}{x}+y+\frac{1}{y}=4x+\frac{1}{x}+4y+\frac{1}{y}-3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\ge4+4-3=5\) ( theo cô - si )
=> 2\(2\left[\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(y+\frac{1}{y}\right)^2\right]\ge25\) => ĐPCM
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi x = y= 0,5
ta có \(3x=1-\sqrt[3]{\frac{25+\sqrt{621}}{2}}-\sqrt[3]{\frac{25-\sqrt{621}}{2}}\)
<=> \(1-3x=\sqrt[3]{\frac{25+\sqrt{621}}{2}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{25-\sqrt{621}}{2}}\)
<=> \(\left(1-3x\right)^3=\left(\sqrt[3]{\frac{25+\sqrt{621}}{2}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{25-\sqrt{621}}{2}}\right)^3\)
<=> \(1-9x+27x^2-27x^3=\frac{25+\sqrt{621}}{2}+\frac{25-\sqrt{621}}{2}+3\left(\frac{25+\sqrt{621}}{2}\cdot\frac{25-\sqrt{621}}{2}\right)\left(1-3x\right)\)( vì \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{25+\sqrt{621}}{2}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{25-\sqrt{621}}{2}}=1-3x\)....phía trên 2 dòng )
<=> \(1-9x+27x^2-27x^3=25+3\cdot1\cdot\left(1-3x\right)\)
<=> \(1-9x+27x^2-27x^3=25+3-9x\)
<=> \(1-9x+27x^2-27x^3=28-9x\)
<=> \(27x^3-27x^2+27=0\)
<=.\(27\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)=0\)
<=. \(x^3-x^2+1=0\)
pt \(x^3-x^2+1=0\) và pt \(x^5+x+1=0\) đều có nghiệm chung
vậy đccm
Ta có:
y02 + ay0 + b = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)y04 = (ay0 + b)2
\(\le\)(a2 + b2)(y02 + 1)
\(\Rightarrow\)y04 - 1 < (a2 + b2)(y02 + 1)
\(\Rightarrow\)y02 - 1 < a2 + b2
\(\Rightarrow\)y02 < 1 + a2 + b2
3/ Dễ thấy \(0\le x,y,z\le1\)
Ta có:
x2 + y2 + z2 = x3 + y3 + z3
\(\Leftrightarrow\)x2(1 - x) + y2(1 - y) + z2(1 - z) = 0
Dấu = xảy ra khi (x, y, z) = (0,0,1) và các hoán vị của nó
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(T=\left(a+1\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(b+1\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+a+\frac{1}{a}+b+\frac{1}{b}+2\)
\(=\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\left(a+\frac{1}{2a}\right)+\left(b+\frac{1}{2b}\right)+\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{2b}+2\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{a\cdot\frac{1}{2a}}+2\sqrt{b\cdot\frac{1}{2b}}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2a}\cdot\frac{1}{2b}}+2\)
\(=4+2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge4+2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}{2}}\)
\(=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
10. a)
\(\frac{x^4}{a}+\frac{y^4}{b}=\frac{1}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4}{a}+\frac{y^4}{b}=\frac{\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(x^4+y^4\right)=ab\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\left(bx^2-ay^2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow bx^2=ay^2\)
b) Từ \(ay^2=bx^2\Rightarrow\frac{y^2}{b}=\frac{x^2}{a}=\frac{x^2+y^2}{a+b}=\frac{1}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^{2008}}{a^{1004}}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^{1004}}\); \(\frac{y^{2008}}{b^{1004}}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^{1004}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^{2008}}{a^{1004}}+\frac{y^{2008}}{b^{1004}}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^{1004}}\)
25. Ta có \(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2\left(abxy+bcyz+acxz\right)\)
Xét mẫu số của P : \(bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ac\left(x-z\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2=bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ac\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)+ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=y^2bc-2bcyz+bcz^2+acx^2-2xzac+acz^2+abx^2-2abxy+aby^2\)
\(=y^2bc+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2-2\left(abxy+xzac+bcyz\right)\)
\(=y^2bc+bcz^2+acx^2+acz^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=c\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+b\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)+a\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}=\frac{1}{2007}\)
8. \(\frac{x^3}{a^3}+\frac{y^3}{b^3}=\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)^3-3.\frac{xy}{ab}\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}\right)=1^3-3.\left(-2\right).1=7\)