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20. The government ________ to take action against the rate of unemployment .
A. to be expected B. to expect C. is expected D. be expected
21. When we came , a party _________ in the hall A. is being held B. had being held C. will be held D. was being held
22. I understood what you said . ________ I didn’t agree with you .
A. So B. Although C. However D. Therefore
23. I turned on the electric fan _______ the room was hot .
A. beCâuse B. despite C. although D. so
24. Mr Black has coughed a lot and he has to _____ smoking.
A. look up B.wash up C. give up D. hold up
25. Jack asked me ____.
A. where do you come from? B. where I came from
C. where I come from D. where did I come from?
26. She asked me ____ I liked pop music.
A. when B. what C. if D. x
27. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
28. I wanted to know ____ return home.
A. when would she B. when will she C. when she will D. when she would
29. Claire told me that her father ____ a race horse.
A. owns B. owned C. owning D. A and B
30. What did that man say ____?
A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you
31. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ____ raining there.
A. is B. were C. has been D. was
32. The builders have ____ that everything will be ready on time.
A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
33. The doctor ____ him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
34. The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed. She explained she'd been on holiday the ____ week.
A. ago B. following C. next D. previous
35. Fossil fuels which are non-renewable pollute the air and cause air ____.
A. pollution B. solution C. contaminate D. consumption
36. Recycling provides a method of reducing the amount of waste materials that gets to the landfills - thus ____ it less probable for environmental pollution to take place.
A. making B. doing C. causing D. trying
37. If wastes are thrown ____, they can cause pollution in water, land and air.
A. inappropriately B. disappointingly C. eco-friendly D. favourably
38. Trees not only bring nature to urban areas, but they also help clean the air by absorbing pollutants, ____ oxygen, ____ water, and grow food.
A. to provide - to save B. to provide - save C. providing - saving D. provide - save
39. Air pollution is such a serious ____ that it has been a direct factor in the ____ of millions of people each year.
A. threat - death B. threat - deaths C. threaten - death D. threaten - deaths
40. Sometimes it's better not to buy something new, and buy it ____ instead.
A. used B. usable C. use D. useful
41. He asked the children ____ the river.
A. don't pollute B. if they don't pollute C. not to pollute D. not polluting
1. It's been officially announced already that the new ship___to be named The Southern Cross.
a. will
b. can
c. is
d.does
2. When British people go abroad, it takes them several days to get used to ___on the right-hand side of the road.
a. drive
b. driven
c. driving
d. drove
3. Problems common to most countries include the social, economic and ___
a. politics
b. political
c. government
d. of government
4. I am ___him to arrive on Sunday.
a.expecting
b. waiting for
c. attending
d. awaiting
Help me
PAPER RECYCLINGA Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
i. Process of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer:
1. Paragraph A ...........iii. Collection of paper for recycling............
2. Paragraph B ..........vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper.............
3. Paragraph C ...........iv. Sources of paper for recycling............
4. Paragraph D ............i. Process of paper recycling...........
5. Paragraph E ...........v. Bad sides of paper recycling............
B
B