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S=1-1/4+1-1/9+...+1-1/x2
S=(1+1+1+...+1)-(1/4+1/9+...+1/x2)
Có (1/4+1/9+...+1/x2)<1/(1.2)+1/(2.3)+...+1/(x-1)x=1-1/x<1
=> (1/4+1/9+...+1/x2) ko là số nguyên
=>S ko là số nguyên
Bài 2:
a: \(=7^4\left(7^2+7-1\right)=7^4\cdot55⋮55\)
b: \(5A=5+5^2+...+5^{51}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4A=5^{51}-1\)
hay \(A=\dfrac{5^{51}-1}{4}\)
Bài 3:
\(S=\left(1^2+2^3+3^3+...+10^2\right)\cdot2=385\cdot2=770\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2\cdot2}< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3\cdot3}< \dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4\cdot4}< \dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{9^2}=\dfrac{1}{9\cdot9}< \dfrac{1}{8\cdot9}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{10^2}=\dfrac{1}{10\cdot10}< \dfrac{1}{9\cdot10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{10^2}< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9\cdot10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{9}{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\) (vì: \(\dfrac{9}{10}< 1\))
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}\)
=>\(A< \dfrac{1}{1\cdot2}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\dfrac{1}{8\cdot9}\)
=>\(A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{9}=1-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}\)
=>\(A>\dfrac{1}{2\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9\cdot10}\)
=>\(A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
=>\(A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{5}{10}-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{4}{10}=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{2}{5}< A< \dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(S=\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+...+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\\ S=\left(1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\\ S=n-1-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< n-1\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+..+\dfrac{1}{n^2}=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow S>n-1-1=n-2\\ \Rightarrow n-2< S< n-1\\ \Rightarrow S\notin N\)