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Rút gọn các phân thức:
a) \(\frac{\left(3x+2\right)^2-\left(x+2\right)^2}{x^3-x^2}=\frac{9x^2+12x+4-x^2-4x-4}{x^3-x^2}=\frac{8x^2+8x}{x^3-x^2}=\frac{8x\left(x+1\right)}{x^2\left(x-1\right)}=\frac{8\left(x+1\right)}{x-1}\)
b) \(\frac{x^4-1}{x^3+2x^2-x-2}=\frac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x^3-x\right)+\left(2x^2-2\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)}=\frac{x^2+1}{x+2}\)
c) \(\frac{x^2+7x+12}{x^2+5x+6}=\frac{\left(x^2+3x\right)+\left(4x+12\right)}{\left(x^2+3x\right)+\left(2x+6\right)}=\frac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)}{\left(x++3\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{x+4}{x+2}\)
d) \(\frac{x^{10}-x^8+x^6-x^4+x^2-1}{x^4-1}=\frac{\left(x^{10}-x^8\right)+\left(x^6-x^4\right)+\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\frac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^8+x^4+1\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\frac{x^8+x^4+1}{x^2+1}\)
a) A = (x+3)2 + (x-3)(x+3) - 2(x+2)(x - 4)
= (x + 3)(x + 3) + (x - 3)(x + 3) - 2[x(x - 4) + 2(x - 4)]
= x(x + 3) + 3(x + 3) + x(x + 3) - 3(x + 3) - 2[x2 - 4x + 2x - 8]
= x2 + 3x + 3x + 9 + x2 + 3x - 3x - 9 - 2(x2 - 2x - 8)
= x2 + 3x + 3x + 9 +x2 + 3x - 3x - 9 - 2x2 + 4x + 16
= (x2 + x2 - 2x2) + (3x + 3x + 3x - 3x + 4x) + (9 - 9 + 16) = 10x + 16
Thay x = -1/2 vào biểu thức trên ta có : \(10\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)+16=-5+16=11\)
b) \(B=\left(3x+4\right)^2-\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)-10x\)
\(B=9x^2+24x+16-x\left(x+4\right)+4\left(x+4\right)-10x\)
\(B=9x^2+24x+16-x^2-4x+4x+16-10x\)
\(B=\left(9x^2-x^2\right)+\left(24x-4x+4x-10x\right)+\left(16+16\right)\)
\(B=8x^2+14x+32\)
Thay x = -1/10 vào biểu thức trên ta có : \(B=8\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{10}\right)^2+14\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{10}\right)+32=\frac{767}{25}\)
c) \(C=\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(2x-1\right)^2+3\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)
\(C=x^2+2x+1-\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)+3\left(x^2-4\right)\)
\(C=x^2+2x+1-2x\left(2x-1\right)+1\left(2x-1\right)+3x^2-12\)
\(C=x^2+2x+1-4x^2+2x+2x-1+3x^2-12\)
\(C=\left(x^2-4x^2+3x^2\right)+\left(2x+2x+2x\right)+\left(1-1-12\right)\)
\(C=6x-12\)
Thay x = 1 vào biểu thức ta có : C = 6.1 - 12 = 6 -12 = -6
Còn bài kia làm nốt đi
D=(x2+x+1)(x2-x+1)(x4-x2+1)(x8-x4+1)
\(=\left(\left(x^2+1\right)^2-x^2\right)\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^8-x^4+1\right).\)
\(=\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^8-x^4+1\right).\)
\(=\left(\left(x^4+1\right)^2-x^4\right)\left(x^8-x^4+1\right).\)
\(=\left(x^8+x^4+1\right)\left(x^8-x^4+1\right)=\left(x^8+1\right)-x^8=x^{16}+x^8 +1\)
a)\(P=4x^3-\left(2-4x\right).\left(x^2-3x+1\right)\)
\(=4x^3-\left(2x^2-6x+1-4x^2+12x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=4x^3-2x^2+6x-1+4x^2-12x^2+4x\)
\(=4x^3-10x^2+10x-1\)
b) Thay \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\) vào biểu thức trên
Ta Có : \(4.\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)^3-10.\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)^2+10.\left(\frac{-1}{2}\right)-1\)
\(=\frac{-1}{2}-\frac{5}{2}-5-1\)
\(=-3-5-1\)
\(=-8-1=-9\)
bài 1.
a.\(A=x^2-2xy+y^2+x^2+2xy+y^2=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
b.\(B=x^2+2xy+y^2-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=4xy\)
c.\(C=4a^2+4ab+b^2-\left(4a^2-4ab+b^2\right)=8ab\)
d.\(D=4x^2-4x+1-2\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+4=-4x^2+20x-13\)
.bài 2
a.\(A=x^2+6x+9+x^2-9-2\left(x^2-2x-8\right)=10x+16;x=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow A=9\)
b.\(B=9x^2+24x+16-x^2+16-10x=8x^2+14x+32\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{10}\Rightarrow B=\frac{767}{25}\)
c.\(C=x^2+2x+1-\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+3\left(x^2-4\right)=6x-12\Rightarrow x=1\Rightarrow C=-6\)
d.\(D=x^2-9+x^2-4x+4-2x^2+8x=4x-5\Rightarrow x=-1\Rightarrow A=-9\)
Trả lời:
Bài 1: Rút gọn biểu thức:
a) A = ( x - y )2 + ( x + y )2
= x2 - 2xy + y2 + x2 + 2xy + y2
= 2x2 + 2y2
b) B = ( x + y )2 - ( x - y )2
= x2 + 2xy + y2 - ( x2 - 2xy + y2 )
= x2 + 2xy + y2 - x2 + 2xy - y2
= 4xy
c) C = ( 2a + b )2 - ( 2a - b )2
= 4a2 + 4ab + b2 - ( 4a2 - 4ab + b2 )
= 4a2 + 4ab + b2 - 4a2 + 4ab - b2
= 8ab
d) D = ( 2x - 1 )2 - 2 ( 2x - 3 )2 + 4
= 4x2 - 4x + 1 - 2 ( 4x2 - 12x + 9 ) + 4
= 4x2 - 4x + 1 - 8x2 + 24x - 18 + 4
= - 4x2 + 20x - 13
Bài 2: Rút gọn rồi tính giá trị biểu thức:
a) A = ( x + 3 )2 + ( x - 3 )( x + 3 ) - 2 ( x + 2 )( x - 4 )
= x2 + 6x + 9 + x2 - 9 - 2 ( x2 - 2x - 8 )
= 2x2 + 6x - 2x2 + 4x + 16
= 10x + 16
Thay x = 1/2 vào A, ta có:
\(A=10.\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)+16=-5+16=11\)
b) B = ( 3x + 4 )2 - ( x - 4 )( x + 4 ) - 10x
= 9x2 + 24x + 16 - x2 + 16 - 10x
= 8x2 + 14x + 32
Thay x = - 1/10 vào B, ta có:
\(B=8.\left(-\frac{1}{10}\right)^2+14.\left(-\frac{1}{10}\right)+32=\frac{767}{25}\)
c) C = ( x + 1 )2 - ( 2x - 1 )2 + 3 ( x - 2 )( x + 2 )
= x2 + 2x + 1 - 4x2 + 4x - 1 + 3 ( x2 - 4 )
= - 3x2 + 6x + 3x2 - 12
= 6x - 12
Thay x = 1 vào C, ta có:
\(C=6.1-12=-6\)
d) D = ( x - 3 )( x + 3 ) + ( x - 2 )2 - 2x ( x - 4 )
= x2 - 9 + x2 - 4x + 4 - 2x2 + 8x
= 4x - 5
Thay x = - 1 vào D, ta có:
\(D=4.\left(-1\right)-5=-9\)