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Bài giải:
a) (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2) – (a2 – 2ab + b2)
= a2 + 2ab + b2 – a2 + 2ab - b2 = 4ab
Hoặc (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = [(a + b) + (a – b)][(a + b) – (a – b)]
= (a + b + a – b)(a + b – a + b)
= 2a . 2b = 4ab
b) (a + b)3 – (a – b)3 – 2b3
= (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3) – (a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3) – 2b3
= a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 – a3 + 3a2b - 3ab2 + b3 – 2b3
= 6a2b
Hoặc (a + b)3 – (a – b)3 – 2b3 = [(a + b)3 – (a – b)3] – 2b3
= [(a + b) – (a – b)][(a + b)2 + (a + b)(a – b) + (a – b)2] – 2b3
= (a + b – a + b)(a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 – b2 + a2 – 2ab + b2) – 2b3
= 2b . (3a2 + b2) – 2b3 = 6a2b + 2b3 – 2b3 = 6a2b
c) (x + y + z)2 – 2(x + y + z)(x + y) + (x + y)2
= x2 + y2 + z2+ 2xy + 2yz + 2xz – 2(x2 + xy + yx + y2 + zx + zy) + x2 + 2xy + y2
= 2x2 + 2y2 + z2 + 4xy + 2yz + 2xz – 2x2 – 4xy – 2y2 – 2xz – 2yz = z2
a)(x+y)3-3xy(x+y)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
c)\(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2-4ab\)
\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\right]\left[\left(a+b\right)+\left(a-b\right)\right]-4ab\)
\(=\left(a+b-a+b\right)\left(a+b+a-b\right)-4ab\)
\(=2b.2a-4ab\)
\(=4ab-4ab=0\)
Ta có :
a)\(\frac{m^4-m}{2m^2+2m+2}=\frac{m\left(m^3-1\right)}{2\left(m^2+m+1\right)}=\frac{m\left(m-1\right)\left(m^2+m+1\right)}{2\left(m^2+m+1\right)}=\frac{m^2-m}{2}\)
b) \(\frac{ab^2+a^3-a^2b}{a^3b+b^4}=\frac{a\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{b\left(a^3+b^3\right)}=\frac{a\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{b\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}=\frac{a}{ab+b^2}\)
1) \(\left(a+b\right)^3=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b\right)^2=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=a^3+2a^2b+ab^2+a^2b+2ab^2+b^3\)
\(=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3\)
2) \(\left(a-b\right)^3=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\)\(=a^3-2a^2b+ab^2-a^2b+2ab^2-b^3\)
\(=a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\)
\(B=\frac{3y^3-y^2-6y^2+2y+3y-1}{2y^3+3y^2-4y^2-6y+2y+3}=\frac{y^2\left(3y-1\right)-2y\left(3y-1\right)+\left(3y-1\right)}{y^2\left(2y+3\right)-2y\left(2y+3\right)+\left(2y+3\right)}=\frac{\left(3y-1\right)\left(y-1\right)^2}{\left(2y+3\right)\left(y-1\right)^2}=\frac{3y-1}{2y+3}\)
b) \(\frac{2B}{2y+3}=\frac{2\left(3y-1\right)}{\left(2y+3\right)^2}\in Z\) =. 2y+3 thuộc U(2) ={ -2;-1;1;2} => x thuộc {-1 ; -2}
hoặc (2y+3)2 =3y -1 =>
hoặc (2y+3)2 =-3y +1 =>
c) B>/1
+Nếu 2y+3 >0 hay y> -3/2
=> 3y -1 > 2y+3 => y >4 => y thuộc { 5;6;7...}
+ Nếu 2y+3<0 hay y < -3/2
=> 3y -1 < 2y+3 => y <4 => y thuộc { -2;-3;-4.....}
=(a+b) [a2-2ab+b2+ab]
=(a+b)[a2+b2-2ab+ab]
=(a+b)(a2+b2-ab)
=a3+ab2-a2b+a2b+b3-ab2
=a3+ab2-ab2-a2b+a2b+b3
=a3+b3
( a+ b) ((a -b )2 + ab )
= ( a+ b) ( a2 -2ab + b2 + ab)
= ( a +b ) ( a2 - ab + b2)
= a3 + b3
(a + b)3 – (a – b)3 – 2b3
= (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3) – (a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3) – 2b3 (Áp dụng HĐT (4) và (5))
= a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 – a3 + 3a2b – 3ab2 + b3 – 2b3
= (a3 – a3) + (3a2b + 3a2b) + (3ab2 – 3ab2) + (b3 + b3 – 2b3)
= 6a2b