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Tổng quát:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{10}{11}\)
Ta có công thức tổng quát như sau:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left[\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}\right]\left[\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n}}{n}-\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}}{n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Áp dụng vào tổng S ta có:
\(S=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{121\sqrt{120}+120\sqrt{121}}\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{120}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{121}}\)
\(S=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{121}}=1-\dfrac{1}{11}=\dfrac{10}{11}\)
\(S=\sum\limits^{121}_2\left(\dfrac{1}{x\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)}+\left(x-1\right)\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(S=0,9090909091\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{120}+\sqrt{121}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{121}-\sqrt{120}\)
\(=\sqrt{121}-\sqrt{1}=11-1=10\)
Lại có: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}=\dfrac{2}{2\sqrt{k}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\left(k>1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{k}}>\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{k+1-k}=2\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)\)
Áp dụng đánh giá trên vào B ta có:
\(B>1+2\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35}\right)\)
\(=1+2\left(\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{2}\right)>1+2\left(6-1\right)=10\)
Suy ra \(A=10< B\Rightarrow A< B\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{120}+\sqrt{121}}\)
\(=-1+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-...-\sqrt{120}+11\)
=10
Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{35}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{35}+\sqrt{35}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{35}+\sqrt{36}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< 2\cdot\left(-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-...-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{35}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{36}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< 2\cdot\left(-\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< -\dfrac{5}{3}< 10=A\)
Lời giải:
Ta có;
\(A=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{120}+\sqrt{121}}\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{(1+\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{2}-1)}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})}+....+\frac{\sqrt{121}-\sqrt{120}}{(\sqrt{120}+\sqrt{121})(\sqrt{121}-\sqrt{120})}\)
\(A=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{121}-\sqrt{120}\)
\(A=\sqrt{121}-\sqrt{1}=10\)
Mặt khác:
\(\frac{B}{2}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{35}}\)
\(>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{35}+\sqrt{36}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{B}{2}>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2})}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})(\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3})}+...+\frac{\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35}}{(\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35})(\sqrt{36}+\sqrt{35})}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{B}{2}>\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{35}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{B}{2}>\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{36}-\sqrt{2}>5\Rightarrow B>10\Rightarrow B>A\)
Ta có đpcm.
Mấu chốt là bạn nhìn ra \((\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})=(n+1)-n=1\) để thực hiện liên hợp
\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)\left(\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{99}\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}=\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}=10-1=9\)
cả 2 ý bạn trục căn thức ở mấu là xong nhé:
vd: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{-1}\). Rồi tương tự như vậy
Với n\(\in N\)* có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)
a) Áp dụng (*) vào T
\(\Rightarrow T=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
b) Có \(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}=5\Leftrightarrow n=24\) (tm)
Vậy n=24.
b: Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{2+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{6}}-\dfrac{2}{3+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=2-\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{3}-1+\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
Xét số hạng tổng quát:\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{120}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{121}}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{11}=\dfrac{10}{11}\)