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complete the sentences using the words in bold .use two to five words
1. she didn't start typing until her boss asked her.
started
she waited until her boss asked her..................................typing
2. it would be a good idea to look the door before you leave.
had
you....................had better lock the door......................before you leave .
3. he's the most intelligent person i've ever met.
never
i..................have never met ........such an ........................intelligent person.
4.the exercise was so difficult that we couldn't finish it.
too
the exercise was..................too difficult for us to .........................finish.
5. going on trips abroad alone is sometimes boring.
go
it is sometimes boring.........to go on trips.................................abroad alone.
6. mike prefers going by train to flying.
than
mike prefers to............go by train rather than to .......................................fly.
7. my grandmother is too ill to make the journey.
enough
my grandmother........isn't strong enough to.........................................make the journey.
8.he made me promise that i would keep it a secret.
to
i...................was made to promise..........................that i would keep it a secret.
9.how long is it since you found out about it?
find
when............did you find out................................about it?
10.i've never seen this picture before.
first
it's the ..........first time I've seen............................this picture.
11.it's ages since we went out.
been
we...............haven't been out for...........................ages.
12.i'm sure louise didn't lose her temper.
have
loise............mustn't have lost .............................her temper.
13. i didn't call her because i didn't want to upset her.
avoid
i didn't call her......to avoid upsetting......................her.
14.helen's been dieting for three weeks .
started
helen......started diet 3 weeks.............................ago.
15.perhaps they will give us their new address.
give
they.......are likely to give us............................their new address.
16.he isn't the boss but he acts like he is .
were
he acts............as if he were.............................the boss.
17.it was difficult for them to find a flight.
had
they........had difficulty in finding.................................a flight.
18.he'll probably get to paris before we do.
likely
he..........is likely to get to...................................paris before we do.
ex4. complere the sentences with so/ such / such a
1. It's diffcult to understand him because he speaks so quietly
2. I like liz and joe . they're such nice people
3. It was a great holiday . we had such a good time
4. I was surprised that he looked so well after his recent illness
5. everything is so expensive these days isn't it ?
6. the weather is beatiful isn't it ? I didn't expect it to be such a nice day
7. I have to go .I didn't realise it was so late
8 . he always looks good. he wears such nice clothes
9 . It was such a boring flim that I felt asleep while I was watching it
10 . I couldn't believe the news .It was so shock
11.I think she works too hard . she looks so tired all the time
12. the food at the hotel was so awful . I 've never eaten such awful food
I. Rewrite sentences using given words
1. I've never met such a famous person before
- It's the first time I've met such a famous person.
2. It was so late that nothing could be done
- It was too late for anything to be done.
3. The garage is going to repair the car for us next week
- We are going to have the garage repair the car nest week.
4. The bus takes longer than the train
- The train takes shorter than the bus
5. The train couldn't run because of the snow
- The snow prevented the train from running.
6. I haven't seen that man here before
- It's the first time I've seen that man here.
7. The furniture was so expensive that I didn't buy it
- The furniture was too expensive for me to buy.
8. He learned to drive when he was eighteen
- He has learned to drive since he was eighteen.
9. Although his leg was broken, he managed to get out of the car
- In spite of his broken leg, he managed to get out of the car.
10. The cake was so hard that I couldn't eat it
- It was such a hard cake that I couldn't eat it.
the pub was so crowded that he could barely get to the bar
A. he could not get to the bar because the pub was so crowded
B. He had difficultly getting to the bar as the pub was very crowded
C. It was such a crowded pub that he could hardly get to the bar
D. Despite the fact that the pub was crowded he could easily get to the bar
Exercise 1: Choose the correct answers.
1. He got wet he forgot his umbrella.
A. because of B. because C. but D. and
2. He stops working heavy raining.
A. in spite of B. although C. despite D. because of
3. They have a lot of difficulties in their life their poverty.
A. in spite of B. although C. because D. because of
4. Jill and Jolly were happy it was their both birthday party that day.
A. because B. even though C. spite of D. Despite
5. Nobody could hear her she spoke too quietly.
A. although B. because C. because of D. in spite of
6. We decided to leave early the party was boring.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
7. We all feel sad the bad news
A. because B. because of C. though D. despite
8. John lost his job his laziness.
A. because of B. because C. in spite of D. though
9. We can't go to Julia's party we're going away that weekend.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick.
A. so B. because C. although D. but
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answers.
1. The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough.
A. because B. although C. even though D. and
2. She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key.
A. while B. but C. though D. because
3. Nam failed the final exam he was lazy.
A. while B. though C. because D. but
4. We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to do.
A. because B. though C. so D. but
5. We didn’t go for a walk it was very cold.
A. though B. because C. but D. so
6. They decided not to go out for a meal they were too tired.
A. so B. because C. but D. if
7. I’m learning English I want to get a better job.
A. or B. because C. therefore D. but
8. Last night we came to the show late the traffic was terrible.
A. although B. despite C. and D. because
9. Lan couldn’t pass the exam she is too lazy.
A. because B. because of C. although D. in spite of
10. his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A. because B. because of C. despite D. so
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. We delayed our trip BECAUSE OF the bad weather.
2. Sue’s eyes were red BECAUSE she had been crying.
3. My mother is always complaining BECAUSE OF the untidiness of my room.
4. The water in most river is unsafe to drink BECAUSE it’s polluted.
5. The trees were bend over BECAUSE OF the wind.
6. You can’t enter this secure areas BECAUSE you don’t have an official permit.
7. It’s unsafe to travel in that country BECAUSE OF the ongoing civil war.
8. Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted BECAUSE OF the extreme heat.
9. Mark didn’t go to work yesterday BECAUSE he didn’t feel well.
10. We couldn’t get into the disco BECAUSE OF the enormous crowd.
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with because/ because of.
1. I went home early BECAUSE I was feeling unwell.
2. We decided not to go out for a meal BECAUSE we were simply too tired.
3. I couldn’t get to sleep BECAUSE OF the noise.
4. He only accepted the job BECAUSE OF the salary, which was very high.
5. Sarah can’t climb up the tree BECAUSE OF her fear of heights.
6. BECAUSE OF his age, John was not hired ALTHOUGH he had the necessary qualifications.
7. Mary came to class late BECAUSE her motorbike had a puncture.
8. Sandy didn’t go to school yesterday BECAUSE she was sick.
9. She went to bed early BECAUSE OF her tiredness.
10. I couldn’t do the test BECAUSE it was too difficult.
Exercise 5: Rewrite the sentences, using because/because of
1. He didn’t come because of his sickness.
BECAUSE HE WAS SICK, He didn’t come
2. The train was late because the fog was thick.
BECAUSE OF THE THICK FOG, The train was late
3. The plane couldn’t take off because of the bad weather.
BECAUSE THE WEATHER WAS BAD, The plane couldn’t take off
4. He left the school because his family was poor.
BECAUSE OF HIS FAMILY'S POVERTY,The plane couldn’t take off
5. We couldn’t study because of the noise.
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO NOISE, We couldn’t study
6. I didn’t go swimming because it was cold.
BECAUSE OF THE COLD, I didn’t go swimming
7. These students arrive late because of the bad traffic.
BECAUSE THE TRAFFIC WAS BAD, These students arrive late
8. Mary can’t sleep because she has drunk a cup of strong coffee.
BECAUSE OF DRINKING A CUP OF STRONG COFFEE, MARY CAN'T SLEEP
9. Because of getting up early, he wasn’t late for the first train.
BECAUSE HE GOT UP EARLY, he wasn’t late for the first train.
Ex 1: So-Such-Therefore-Too-Enough
1. The film was boring,..................Therefore...............I turned off the TV
2. The hotel was...........So....................noisy that they couldn't get to sleep
3. The new camera didn't work..........Therefore.............., he took it back to the shop
4. Jonh is..........Too..........young to ride a motobike
5. Jane is smart..............Enough...............to solve the problem
6. It was.............Such.............. a crowded bus that I couldn't get on it
7. Ha woke up late,.............Therefore................... she didn't have time for breakfast
8. The cake was...............So...............delicious that I ate it up
9. The holiday was disapointing. ..............Therefore....................., they decided to asked for the money back
10. Mr.Nam is ...............Too.................... old to play tennis now
Ex 2: Combine the two sentences into one sentence, using the work provided
1. Linh was out when we came. We left a message. (so)
=> Linh was out when we came so we left a message.
2. They didn't want to get home late. They took a taxi (therefore)
=> They didn't want to get home late. Therefore, they took a taxi
3. The book was very interesting. I couldn't put it down. (so.....that)
=> The book was so interesting that I couldn't put it down.
4. Minh is very strong. He can carry that heavy bag (enough)
=> Minh is strong enough to carry that heavy bag
5. He is very lazy. He cannot finish his work (too)
=> He is too lazy to finish his work
6. It is a very good play. Many people want to see it ( such......that)
=> It is such a good play that many people want to see it
7. I couldn't finish my homework last night. I was very sleepy ( so.....that)
=> I was so sleepy that I couldn't finish my homework last night.
8. That watch is very expensive. I can't afford it (too)
=> That watch is too expensive for me to afford
9. Your English is good. You can join the English club (enough)
=> Your English is good enough to join the English club
10. I live far from shool. I can't walk there (so)
=> I live so far from shool that I can't walk there
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness,they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝Because of the cold weather,I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝Because of I can't sleep the traffic jam,we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝Because of her tiredness ,she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝Because The test is difficult, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝Because of a storm,they đin't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝Because of being noisy outside,I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝Because of his good conduct ,all the teacher love him
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝Because of not getting up early, she missedthe first bus
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝Because of a strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝Because of the crowded streets ,we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝Because of her mother's sickness,She worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝Because of her sickness,She didn't go to school
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝Because of the careless driver ,the accident happened
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝Because of the broken door , we decied to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝Because of my friend's absence , I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of being clever, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝In spite of being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝In spite of having good salary,He is unhappy
Adverb clause of reason :
1.They like him because he is kind.
➝Because of his kindness, they like him
2. I can't sleep because it is cold
➝ Because of the cold weather, I can't sleep
3. We came late because there was a traffic jam
➝ Because of the traffic jam, we came late
4. She went to bed early because she felt tired
➝ Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early
5. The test is difficult, so we can't do it
➝ Because of the difficult test, we can't do it
6. They đin't go for a picnic because there was a storm
➝ Because of the storm, they didn't go for a picnic
7. I can't study because it is noisy outside
➝ Because of the noise outside, I can't study
8. All the teacher love him because his conduct is good
➝ All the teacher love him because of his good conduct
9. Because she didn't get up early, she missedthe first bus
➝ She missed the first bus because of not getting up early
10. Because there was a strike, the workers stopped working
➝ Because of the strike, the workers stopped working
11. We couldn't drive because the streets are crowded
➝ Because of the crowded streets, we couldn't drive
12. She worked very hard to earn a lot of money because her mother was sick
➝ Because of her mother's sickness, she worked very hard to earn a lot of money
13. She didn't go to school because she was sick
➝ She didn't go to school because of her sickness
14. Because it snowed continuously, we couldn't go out
➝ Because of the continuous snow, we couldn't go out
15. The accident happened because the driver was careless
➝ The accident happened because of the careless driver
16. Because the door was broken, we decied to fix it
➝ Because of the broken door, we decided to fix it
17. Because my friend was absent, I must copy all lesson for him
➝ Because of my friend's absence, I must copy all lesson for him
18. Although she was clever, she didn't succeed
➝ In spite of her cleverness, she didn't succeed
19. Although my grandfather is cold, he walks to the pagoda every day
➝ Despite being cold, my grandfather walks to the pagoda every day
20. He is unhappy though he has good salary
➝ Inspite of his good salary, he is unhappy
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father often walks in the park with my mother every morning
=> My father often has a walk in the park with my mother every morning.
2. They seldom went to the cinema last year
=> Seldom went they to the cinema last year.
3. We didn't intend to go for a walk with them
=> We had not intention to go for a walk with them.
4. He doesn't smoke anymore, but he smoked a lot 2 year ago
=> He used to smoke a lot 2 years ago but he doesn't anymore.
5. Apples are usually cheaper than oranges
=> Apples are not usually as expensive as oranges.
6. My salary is high but his is very high
=> His salary is higher than my salary.
7. I can't cook as well as my mother does
=> My mother cooks better than I do.
8. Unless it stops raining, we won't go out
=> If it doesn't stop raining, we won't go out.
9. She didn't cook as well as you did
=> You cooked better than she does.
10. Unless someone has a key, we can't get into the house
=> We can only get into the house if someone has the key
11. Because of being careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers
=> Because she was careful, she didn't make any mistakes in her answers.
12. She said ''I'll spend my holiday in Italy next year''
=> She said that she would spend her holiday in Italy the next year.
13. She didn't buy it because the price was too high
=> Because of the high price, she didn't buy it.
14. We didn't go on holiday because we didn't have enough mone
=> If we had had enough money, we would have gone on holiday.
15. The question was so difficult that we can't answer it
=> The question was too difficult for us to answer.
II. Write the following sentences as directed
1. She has just completed the picture. The composition of the picture was suggested by me
=> The picture whose composition was suggested by me has just been completed.
2. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise
=> Never again should never such a situation again be allowed to arise.
3. If you want to make your life worth living, make yourself useful
=> Making youself useful in order to make your life worth living.
4. They said he had left Paris secretly in his private car
=> It was said that he had left Paris secretly in his private car.
5. Tom didn't do his test well because he didn't study his lessons carefully
=> If Tom had studied his lessons carefully, he would have done his test well.
6. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> The crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
7. He made a great discovery. He took pride in it
=> He took pride in having made a great discovery.
8. You may be intelligent, but you should be careful about this
=> No matter how intelligent you are, you should be careful about this.
9. He asked me if I was ready to carry out other assignments
=> He said to me ''Are you ready to carry out other assignments ?''
10. ''Which of you has put the ink on my chair?'' The teacher said
=> The teacher asked me which of me had put the ink on her chair.
Rewrite
1.Ben drove the car and decided immediately that he liked it
- Ben decided he liked the car as.......soon as................he drove it
2.It wasn't easy to find a seat because the train was crowded
- The train was ........so................... crowded that it was difficult to find a seat
3.The journey wasn't boring for Jessica because she had a good book
- Jessica ..........didn't................... find the journey boring because she had a good book