Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural...

LQ

Lê Quỳnh Anh

13 tháng 9 2017

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

Which of the following was NOT mentioned as an example of invisible culture?

A. What topics to avoid in conversation.

B. How late is considered impolite

C. What food to eat in a courthouse

D. How people express interest in what others are saying

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

13 tháng 9 2017

C

Trong câu 2 đoạn 2: For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- -> các đáp án B, A ,D đều lần lượt được nhắc tới -> C không được nhắc tới

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

5 tháng 1 2017

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

The phrase “the tip of the iceberg” in paragraph 1 means that __________

A. visible aspects of culture are learned in formal institutions

B. most aspects of culture cannot be seen

C. other cultures seem cold to us

D. we usually focus on the highest forms of culture

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

5 tháng 1 2017

B

the tip of the iceberg = bề nổi của tảng băng chìm, ba nổi bảy chìm

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

19 tháng 6 2018

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To describe cultural diversity.

B. To point out that much of culture is learned consciously

C. To explain why cross-cultural conflict occurs

D. To explain the importance of invisible aspects of culture

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

19 tháng 6 2018

D

Đoạn đầu nhấn mạnh tầm vai trò của những giá trị văn hóa hữu hình (visible, explicit aspects of culture), nhưng đó mới là một phần bề nổi (only the tip of the iceberg of culture), phần quan trọng hơn là những khía cạnh vô hình của văn hóa (invisible” aspects of their culture)

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

23 tháng 2 2018

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

Which of the following would most likely result in misunderstanding?

A. Unusual food being cooked by foreign visitors

B. Strange behaviour from someone speaking a foreign language.

C. Strange behaviour from someone speaking our language.

D. Learning about our own culture in school

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

23 tháng 2 2018

C

Từ dòng 6 đoạn cuối: when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise. -> người nói cùng ngôn ngữ với chúng ta, không khác biệt với ta ở bề ngoài, thì chúng ta khó nhận ra sự khác biệt trong văn hóa vô hình, nên dễ gây hiểu nhầm

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

22 tháng 11 2018

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

The word “rituals” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to __________.

A. cultures

B. formalities

C. assumptions

D. aspects

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

22 tháng 11 2018

B

Ritual = lễ nghi. Formality = quy cách, nghi thức

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

28 tháng 9 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behavior as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behavior, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

Which of the following would most likely result in misunderstanding?

A. Unusual food being cooked by foreign visitors.

B. Strange behaviour from someone speaking a foreign language.

C. Strange behaviour from someone speaking our language.

D. Learning about our own culture in school.

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

28 tháng 9 2019

Đáp án C

Giải thích: Điều nào sau đây hầu như dẫn đến sự hiểu lầm?

A. thức ăn được nấu theo cách không bình thường bởi du khách nước ngoài

B. cách cư xử kì lạ từ ai đó nói tiếng nước ngoài

C. hành vi kì lạ từ ai đó nói ngôn ngữ của chúng ta

D. học về văn hóa của chúng ta ở trường

Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language. and does not differ from us in other obvious ways. we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

Dịch đoạn văn: Trong hầu hết những cuộc thảo luận về sự đa dạng văn hóa, sự chú ý chỉ tập trung vào những khía cạnh rõ ràng, nhìn thấy được như ngôn ngữ, trang phục, thức ăn, tôn giáo, âm nhạc và những nghi lễ mang tính xã hội.

Mặc dù chúng rất quan trọng, những sự thể hiện văn hóa có thể nhận thấy này, được dạy một cách có chọn lọc và được học một cách có ý thức, cũng chỉ là bề nổi của văn hóa. Còn rất nhiều thứ về văn hóa được dạy và học một cách âm thầm, hoặc không hề nhận thức được. Vì vậy, cả những người nghiên cứu hay không nghiên cứu về văn hóa cũng không thể nhận thức được rằng những mặt không thể nhìn thấy nhất định của nền văn hóa của họ có tồn tại.

Những thành phần không nhìn thấy của văn hóa rất quan trọng với chúng ta. Ví dụ, chúng ta có thể đến muộn bao lâu trước khi bị coi là bất lịch sự, chủ đề nào chúng ta nên tránh trong các cuộc trò chuyện, chúng ta nên thể hiện sự quan tâm hoặc chú ý như thế nào qua cách lắng nghe, chúng ta coi cái gì là đẹp, là xấu - đây là tất cả những khía cạnh của văn hóa mà chúng ta học và sử dụng mà không nhận thức được nó. Khi chúng ta gặp những người khác mà cách thể hiện văn hóa không nhìn thấy của họ khác với cái chúng ta học một cách âm thầm, chúng ta thường không nhận ra cách cư xử của họ như văn hóa truyền thống.

Sự khác biệt về văn hóa không được nhìn thấy có thể gây ra những vấn đề trong các mối quan hệ liên văn hóa. Những xung đột có thể phát sinh khi chúng ta không thể nhận ra sự khác biệt về hành vi của người khác là mang tính văn hóa chứ không phải mang tính cá nhân. Chúng ta có xu hướng hiểu sai hành vi của người khác, buộc tội họ, hoặc phán xét ý định, khả năng của họ mà không nhận ra rằng chúng ta đang trải nghiệm sự khác biệt về văn hóa chứ không phải sự khác biệt của cá nhân.

Những tổ chức và cơ quan chính thống, như trường học, bệnh viện, nơi làm việc, chính phủ, và hệ thống hợp pháp chính là những nơi tập hợp của sự khác biệt văn hóa không nhìn thấy. Nếu những sự khác biệt này dễ nhận thấy hơn, chúng ta đã có thể có ít sự hiểu lầm hơn. Ví dụ, nếu chúng ta gặp một người đàn ông ở tòa án mà đang mặc bộ quần áo kì lạ, nói một ngôn ngữ không giống chúng ta, mang theo thức ăn trông kì lạ, chúng ta cũng không thề cam đoan là chúng ta hiểu được suy nghĩ và tình cảm của anh ta hay anh ta hiểu về chúng ta.

Thế nhưng khi một người đàn ông như vậy mặc quần áo giống chúng

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

2 tháng 2 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behavior as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behavior, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To describe cultural diversity.

B. To point out that much of culture is learned consciously.

C. To explain why cross-cultural conflict occurs.

D. To explain the importance of invisible aspects of culture.

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

2 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án D

Giải thích: Đâu là mục đích chính của đoạn văn?

A. Để miêu tả sự đa dạng văn hóa

B. Để chỉ ra rằng nhiều lĩnh vực văn hóa được học một cách có ý thức

C. Để giải thích tại sao những xung đột liên văn hóa xảy ra

D. Để giải thích tầm quan trọng của những mặt không nhìn thấy của văn hóa.

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

11 tháng 9 2019

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage carefully and then choose the best answer to each question.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behaviour as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behaviour, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise

It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that conflict results when ___________.

A. people think cultural differences are personal

B. people compete with those from other cultures

C. one culture is more invisible than another culture.

D. some people recognize more cultural differences than others.

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

11 tháng 9 2019

D

Cả câu: When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, …= khi ta gặp những người khác mà những giả định về văn hóa vô hình khác với những giả định mà chúng ta học được trong vô thức => those = những giả định về văn hóa vô hình = invisible cultural assumptions

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Lê Quỳnh Anh

30 tháng 3 2019

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50. In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture....

Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

In most discussions of cultural diversity, attention has focused on visible, explicit aspects of culture, such as language, dress, food, religion, music, and social rituals. Although they are important, these visible expressions of culture, which are taught deliberately and learned consciously, are only the tip of the iceberg of culture. Much of culture is taught and learned implicitly, or outside awareness. Thus, neither cultural insiders nor cultural outsiders are aware that certain “invisible” aspects of their culture exist.

Invisible elements of culture are important to us. For example, how long we can be late before being impolite, what topics we should avoid in a conversation, how we show interest or attention through listening behavior, what we consider beautiful or ugly- these are all aspects of culture that we learn and use without being aware of it. When we meet other people whose invisible cultural assumptions differ from those we have learned implicitly, we usually do not recognize their behavior as cultural in origin.

Differences in invisible culture can cause problems in cross-cultural relations. Conflicts may arise when we are unable to recognize others’ behavioral differences as cultural rather than personal. We tend to misinterpret other people’s behavior, blame them, or judge their intentions or competence without realizing that we are experiencing cultural rather than individual differences.

Formal organizations and institutions, such as schools, hospitals, workplaces, governments, and the legal system are collection sites for invisible cultural differences. If the differences were more visible, we might have less misunderstanding. For example, if we met a man in a courthouse who was wearing exotic clothes, speaking a language other than ours, and carrying food that looked strange, we would not assume that we understood his thoughts and feelings or that he understood ours. Yet when such a man is dressed similarly to us, speaks our language, and does not differ from us in other obvious ways, we may fail to recognize the invisible cultural differences between us. As a result, mutual misunderstanding may arise.

The word “rituals” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ..................

A. cultures

B. formalities

C. assumptions

D. aspects

#Mẫu giáo

1

DH

Dương Hoàn Anh

30 tháng 3 2019

Đáp án B

Giải thích: Từ "rituals" (nghỉ lễ) đoạn 1 gần nghĩa nhất với từ ________

A. văn hóa

B. nghỉ lễ

C. cách thể hiện

D. các lĩnh vực

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