Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 43 to 50.

Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors. It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives.

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for interacting with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.

Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.

Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences.

There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex. Simple forms of learning involve a single stimulus. A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste. In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder. In operant conditioning, people learn by forming an association between a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment). People and animals can also learn by observation – that is, by watching others perform behaviors. More complex forms of learning in clued learning languages, concepts, and motor skills.

Which of the following can be inferred about the learning process from the passage?

A. It is more interesting and effective in school than that in life

B. It becomes less challenging and complicated when people grow older

C. It plays a crucial part in improving the learner’s motivation in school

D. It takes place more frequently in real life than in academic institutions

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Đáp án D

Giải thích: Toàn bộ đoạn 2 của bài đọc nói về quá trình học tập của con người. Trong trường học, học sinh chỉ học những môn lý thuyết và thời gian này chỉ kéo dài khoảng 10 – 20 năm. Nhưng từ trước khi vào trường học, con người đã phải học những kỹ năng sinh tồn cơ bản, sau khi ra trường vẫn phải học các kỹ năng sống đến cuối cuộc đời. Do đó phần lớn thời gian là con người học ngoài cuộc sống thực.

Phương án D. It takes place more frequently in real life than in academic institutions = Nó diễn ra thường xuyên trong cuộc sống thực hơn là những học viện hàn lâm, là phương án chính xác nhất.

          A. It is more interesting and effective in school than that in life. = Nó thú vị và hiệu quả ở trong trường hơn là trong cuộc sống.

Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.         

          B. It becomes less challenging and complicated when people grow older. = Nó trở nên ít thách thức và phức tạp khi con người già hơn.   

Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.         

          C. It plays a crucial part in improving the learner’s motivation in school. = Nó đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong việc cải thiện động lực của học sinh trong trường.

Không có thông tin như vậy trong bài.