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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTER

Although first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a prototype for the machine that we now know as the helicopter.

Early in the twentieth century, a great deal of experimentation and revision was taking place with regard to helicopter flight. The well-known phrase “two steps forward and one step back” provided an apt descriptor for early flight development. Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.

On November 13, 1907, the French pioneer Paul Cornu made history by lifting a twin-rotor helicopter into the air for a few seconds without ground assistance. Several models followed without significance until in 1924 when another French pioneer, Etienne Oehmichen, became the first to fly a helicopter for one kilometer. It was a historic flight of 7 minutes and 40 seconds. By 1936, solutions have been found to many of the problems with helicopter flight.

With the introduction of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter became a reality.

Why was Paul Cornu’s flight important?

A. It was the first practical helicopter flight.

B. It lasted 7 minutes and 40 seconds.

C. It was the first time a helicopter lifted into the air without ground assistance.

D. It was the first time a helicopter lifted into the air.

1
4 tháng 11 2019

Đáp án C

Đáp án nằm ở dòng 1 + 2 đoạn 3: “On November 13, 1907, the French pioneer Paul Cornu made history by lifting a twin-rotor helicopter into the air for a few seconds without ground assistance”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTERAlthough first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTER

Although first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a prototype for the machine that we now know as the helicopter.

Early in the twentieth century, a great deal of experimentation and revision was taking place with regard to helicopter flight. The well-known phrase “two steps forward and one step back” provided an apt descriptor for early flight development. Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.

On November 13, 1907, the French pioneer Paul Cornu made history by lifting a twin-rotor helicopter into the air for a few seconds without ground assistance. Several models followed without significance until in 1924 when another French pioneer, Etienne Oehmichen, became the first to fly a helicopter for one kilometer. It was a historic flight of 7 minutes and 40 seconds. By 1936, solutions have been found to many of the problems with helicopter flight.

With the introduction of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter became a reality.

Why was “dissymmetry” important to the early pioneers of helicopter flight?

A. It was an effect that caused helicopter to crash.

B. It equalized lift on each side of the central shaft.

C. It allowed helicopters to lift from the ground.

D. It allowed the rotor blade angles to be altered.

1
8 tháng 4 2019

Đáp án A

Tại sao “tính không đối xứng” lại quan trọng với những chiếc máy bay trực thăng trước đây
Đáp án nằm ở dòng 3, 4 và 5 đoạn 2: “Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTERAlthough first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTER

Although first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a prototype for the machine that we now know as the helicopter.

Early in the twentieth century, a great deal of experimentation and revision was taking place with regard to helicopter flight. The well-known phrase “two steps forward and one step back” provided an apt descriptor for early flight development. Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.

On November 13, 1907, the French pioneer Paul Cornu made history by lifting a twin-rotor helicopter into the air for a few seconds without ground assistance. Several models followed without significance until in 1924 when another French pioneer, Etienne Oehmichen, became the first to fly a helicopter for one kilometer. It was a historic flight of 7 minutes and 40 seconds. By 1936, solutions have been found to many of the problems with helicopter flight.

With the introduction of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter became a reality.

Why is it important that lift be equal on both sides of the helicopter shaft?

A. If there is more lift on one side, the helicopter will flip.

B. Equal lift means that the helicopter will be faster.

C. Dissymmetry of lift makes helicopters fly well.

D. It allows the rotor blade angles to be changed.

1
29 tháng 11 2017

Đáp án B

Đáp án nằm ở dòng 3, 4 và 5 đoạn 2: “Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.”

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTERAlthough first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTER

Although first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a prototype for the machine that we now know as the helicopter.

Early in the twentieth century, a great deal of experimentation and revision was taking place with regard to helicopter flight. The well-known phrase “two steps forward and one step back” provided an apt descriptor for early flight development. Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.

On November 13, 1907, the French pioneer Paul Cornu made history by lifting a twin-rotor helicopter into the air for a few seconds without ground assistance. Several models followed without significance until in 1924 when another French pioneer, Etienne Oehmichen, became the first to fly a helicopter for one kilometer. It was a historic flight of 7 minutes and 40 seconds. By 1936, solutions have been found to many of the problems with helicopter flight.

With the introduction of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter became a reality.

The word “envisioned” in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to _____.

A. imagined

B. perfected

C. experienced

D. taught

1
17 tháng 10 2018

Đáp án A

Envisioned ≈ imagined: mường tượng, hình dung

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTERAlthough first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 42.

HISTORY OF THE HELICOPTER

Although first flight generally attributed to a fixed-wing aircraft, the helicopter actually represents the first style of flight envisioned by humans. The ancient Chinese developed a toy that rose upward when spun rapidly. As early as the mid-sixteenth century, the great Italian inventor Leonardo da Vinci had drawn a prototype for the machine that we now know as the helicopter.

Early in the twentieth century, a great deal of experimentation and revision was taking place with regard to helicopter flight. The well-known phrase “two steps forward and one step back” provided an apt descriptor for early flight development. Uneven lift, known as dissymmetry, caused the early helicopters to flip over and confounded the inventors until the creation of the swash-plate; this allowed the rotor blade angles to be changed so that lift would be equal on each side of the shaft.

On November 13, 1907, the French pioneer Paul Cornu made history by lifting a twin-rotor helicopter into the air for a few seconds without ground assistance. Several models followed without significance until in 1924 when another French pioneer, Etienne Oehmichen, became the first to fly a helicopter for one kilometer. It was a historic flight of 7 minutes and 40 seconds. By 1936, solutions have been found to many of the problems with helicopter flight.

With the introduction of the German Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter became a reality.

What is the topic of the passage?

A. Which aircraft was the first to fly. 

B. Aircraft design in the 20th century.

C. The development of the helicopter. 

D. The invention of the swash plate.

1
5 tháng 2 2018

Đáp án C

Chủ đề của đoạn văn nói về “the development of the helicopter”: sự phát triển của máy bay trực thăng

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

       The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

        In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following discoveries was made during the first era in the history of nutrition?

A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet.

B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods.


 

C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined.

D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health.

1
1 tháng 9 2018

Đáp án A.

Key words: discoveries, first era, history of nutrition

Clue: Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods: Gần cuối giai đoạn này, các nghiên cứu chng minh rằng việc giảm cân nhanh chóng có liên quan tới việc mất cân bằng nitơ và chỉ có thể được điều chỉnh bằng việc cung cấp đầy đủ protein trong chế độ ăn kết hợp với các loại thực phẩm nhất định.

A. Protein was recognized as an essential component of diet: protein được nhìn nhận như một thành phần thiết yếu của chế độ ăn.

B. Vitamins were synthesized from foods: vitamin được tổng hợp từ thực phẩm.

C. Effective techniques of weight loss were determined: xác định được những kỹ thuật hiệu quả đ giảm cân.

D. Certain foods were found to be harmful to good health: một số loại thực phẩm nhất định được phát hiện ra là có hại cho sức khỏe.

Vậy đáp án chính xác là A

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

       The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

        In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

It can be inferred from the passage that medical schools began to teach concepts of nutrition in order to

A. convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition

B. encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease

C. convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients

D. support the creation of artificial vitamins

1
10 tháng 2 2019

Đáp án B.

Key words: medical schools, teach, concepts of nutrition, in order to

Clue: “As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences”: Khi vitamin bắt đầu được nhìn nhận là thành phần thực phẩm thiết yếu cần thiết cho sức khỏe, có đề nghị được đưa ra là mọi bệnh tật mà trước đó không có cách điều trị hiệu quả có thể sẽ phản ứng với phương pháp điều trị bằng vitamin. Vào thời điểm đó, trường y khoa bắt đầu trở nên hứng thú hơn với việc đưa các khái niệm về dinh dưỡng vào chương trình giảng dạy thành bộ môn khoa học cơ bản.

A. convince medical doctors to participate in research studies on nutrition: thuyết phục bác sỹ y khoa tham gia vào những nghiên cứu về dinh dưỡng.

B. encourage medical doctors to apply concepts of nutrition in the treatment of disease: khuyến khích bác sỹ y khoa áp dụng các khái niệm về dinh dưỡng vào việc điều trị bệnh.

C. convince doctors to conduct experimental vitamin therapies on their patients: thuyết phục bác sỹ thử nghiệm phương pháp chữa bệnh bằng vitamin lên bệnh nhân.

D. support the creation of artificial vitamins: ủng hộ việc điều chế vitamin nhân tạo.

Vì có đề nghị là liệu pháp vitamin có thể chữa trị được những bệnh mà trước đó không có cách điều trị hiệu quả nên trường y khoa đưa các khái niệm về dinh dưỡng vào chương trình học để khuyến khích bác sỹ áp dụng các khái niệm này để chữa bệnh.

Vậy đáp án chính xác là B.

 Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...
Đọc tiếp

 

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

       The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

        In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses?

 

A. The fourth era of nutrition history.

B. Problems associated with undemutrition.


 

C. How drug companies became successful.

D. Why nutrition education lost its appeal.

1
15 tháng 1 2018

Đáp án A.

Key words: paragraph following the passage

A. The fourth era of nutrition history: giai đoạn thứ 4 trong lịch sử dinh dưỡng

B. Problems associated with undemutrition: những vấn đề liên quan đến thiếu dinh dưỡng

C. How drug companies became successful: cách những công ty dược phẩm trở nên thành công

D. Why nutrition education lost its appeal: do tại sao giáo dục về dinh dưỡng trở nên kém thu hút

Bình thường thì các em đọc câu cuối cùng của bài để trả lời cho câu hỏi dạng này.

Tuy nhiên trong trường hợp này ta thấy ở câu topic sentence có giới thiệu về 4 giai đoạn của lịch sử dinh dưỡng nhưng chỉ có 3 giai đoạn đầu là được đưa ra phân tích đáp án chính xác là A.

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

       The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

        In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The effects of vitamins on the human body.

B. The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present.


 

C. The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study.

D. Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century.

1
22 tháng 1 2019

Đáp án C.

Key words: mainly discuss

Clue: (Topic sentence) “The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras”: Lịch sử của dinh dưỡng lâm sàng, hay nói cách khác là mối quan hệ giữa sức khỏe và cách cơ thể hấp thụ và sử dụng các chất có trong thức ăn có thể chia thành 4 giai đoạn riêng biệt.

A. The effects of vitamins on the human body: ảnh hưởng của vitamin đối với cơ th con người

B. The history of food preferences from the nineteenth century to the present: lịch sử của sở thích đối với đồ ăn từ thế kỷ 19 đến nay

C. The stages of development of clinical nutrition as a field of study: những giai đoạn phát triển của dinh dưỡng lâm sàng như một lĩnh vực nghiên cứu

D. Nutritional practices of the nineteenth century: thực tiễn dinh dưỡng trong thế kỷ 19

Đoạn đầu của bài văn giới thiệu về lịch sử của dinh dưỡng lâm sàng được chia thành 4 giai đoạn và cả bài văn giải thích, cung cấp chi tiết về 4 giai đoạn này do đó đáp án chính xác là C

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that...
Đọc tiếp

Read the following passage and blacken the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

        The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amounts of these essential agents. Near the end of this era, research studies demonstrated that rapid weight loss was associated with nitrogen imbalance and could only be rectified by providing adequate dietary protein associated with certain foods.

       The second era was initiated in the early decades of the twentieth century and might be called “the vitamin period.” Vitamins came to be recognized in foods, and deficiency syndromes were described. As vitamins became recognized as essential food constituents necessary for health, it became tempting to suggest that every disease and condition for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to vitamin therapy. At that point in time, medical schools started to become more interested in having their curricula integrate nutritional concepts into the basic sciences. Much of the focus of this education was on the recognition of deficiency symptoms. Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine. Reckless claims were made for effects of vitamins that went far beyond what could actually be achieved from the use of them.

        In the third era of nutritional history in the early 1950's to mid-1960's, vitamin therapy began to fall into disrepute. Concomitant with this, nutrition education in medical schools also became less popular. It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions. Expectations as to the success of vitamins in disease control were exaggerated. As is known in retrospect, vitamin and mineral therapies are much less effective when applied to health-crisis conditions than when applied to long-term problems of under nutrition that lead to chronic health problems.

The word “skyrocketing” is closest in meaning to_________.

A. internationally popular

B. increasing rapidly


 

C. acceptable

D. surprising

1
27 tháng 10 2017

Đáp án B.

Key words: skyrocketing, closest in meaning

A. internationally popular: ph biến toàn cầu

B. increasing rapidly: tăng nhanh

C. acceptable: có thể chấp nhận được

D. surprising: gây ngạc nhiên

skyrocketing = to rise quickly to a very high level: tăng vọt đáp án chính xác là B.