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Chúng ta sống trong một thế giới năng động, và môi trường sống luôn luôn trải qua những thay đổi ở tất cả các cấp độ. Tuy nhiên, những thay đổi tự nhiên thường xảy ra ở tốc độ chậm để tác động đến từng loài có xu hướng nhỏ - ít nhất là trong ngắn hạn
Khi tốc độ thay đổi được tăng tốc đáng kể, có thể không có thời gian để các loài cá thể phản ứng với hoàn cảnh mới, và các hiệu ứng có thể là thảm họa. Tóm lại, đây là lý do khiến mất môi trường sống nhanh chóng được coi là nguyên nhân chính gây nguy hiểm cho loài, và không có lực lượng nào mạnh hơn trong vấn đề này so với con người. Ở một mức độ nào đó, mọi phần của trái đất đã bị ảnh hưởng bởi các hoạt động của con người, đặc biệt là trong thế kỷ qua. Điều này áp dụng trên hầu hết mọi quy mô, từ việc mất vi khuẩn trong đất đã từng hỗ trợ rừng nhiệt đới, đến sự tuyệt chủng của cá và các loài thủy sinh khác trong môi trường nước ngọt bị ô nhiễm, thay đổi khí hậu toàn cầu gây ra bởi việc thải khí nhà kính. Từ quan điểm của một đời người, những thay đổi như vậy có thể khó phát hiện và ảnh hưởng của chúng đối với từng loài có thể khó dự đoán. Nhưng bài học là đủ rõ ràng. Ví dụ, mặc dù nhiều quốc gia đã có kế hoạch trồng nhiều khu rừng nhiệt đới, chúng rất dễ bị phá hủy bởi vì các loại đất mà chúng phát triển rất nghèo trong các chất dinh dưỡng sẵn có. Nhiều thế kỷ có thể được yêu cầu mang lại một khu rừng bị cắt giảm hoặc bị đốt cháy trong không gian vài năm. Nhiều loài động vật và thực vật bị đe dọa nghiêm trọng trên thế giới sống trong các khu rừng như vậy, và chắc chắn rằng một số lượng lớn chúng sẽ biến mất nếu tỷ lệ mất rừng hiện tại tiếp tục. Môi trường sống trên thế giới là không thể thay đổi và tồn tại cố định.
P/S:ggdịch is free
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chụy Google dịch đọc méo hiểu gì nên mới lết xác lên đây đấy -.-
1. It is "Living Planet Report".
2. The WWF said the earth is losing biodiversity at a rate seen in extinction.
3. They said the decline in wildlife was because of exploding human sonsumption.
4. The article said trees were being cut down for beef.
5. The article said animals had lost habitat.
5. The
1. We have to MEMORIZE all the new words in the notebook ( memory ).
2. TIDAL waves are one of the great forces of nature . They are very dangerous for people ( tide).
3. Tsunamis, earthquakes and typhoons are NATURAL disasters ( nature).
4. A typhoon is going to his our area . What sorts of PREPARATION shall we make?( prepare).
5. CANNED food are very convenient for campers ( can ).
6. Today SCIENTISTS can PREDICT when the earthquake will occur ( science/prediction ).
7. The mountain was full of VOLCANIC rock and ash when the ERUPTION was over ( volcano/erupt).
8. Thousands of people have been made HOMELESS by flooding ( home ).
9. If we want to look after the environment , we should protect TROPICAL rainforest ( tropic).
10. Many people were DISASTROUS killed in that storm ( disaster ).
11. The lava SOLIDIFIES as it cools ( solid ).
12. "You look nervous"."Thunder makes me TERRIFIED" ( terrify ).
13. The weather is so UNPREDICTABLE that I don't know that should take an umbrella or sun-tan lotion ( predict).
14. TRADIONALLY, people eat STICKY rice cakes at Tet ( tradition/stick).
15. We went to the shop downtown to by some DECORATIVE ornament ( decoration )
Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles
A. since 1982.
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester? (Câu này mk hk chắc)
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.
C. The public like traditional glass bottles.
D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they
A. are cheaper.
B. are more suited to small sizes.
C. are more exciting to look at.
D. do not break easily.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans
A. have been used for many years.
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.
C. are possible, but only for hot food.
D. are the first things being made in the new factories.
Violent natural disasters have been a fact of human life since the (BEGIN)_____beginning __ of the species, but the death counts of the most ancient of these disaters are lost to history. The Merditerranean island of Stroggli, for example, is belived to have been(COMPLETE)____completely __ wiped out by a volcanic eruption and ensuing tsunami that eradicated the entrie Minoan (CIVILIZE)_______ around 1500 B.C. How many lives were lost? We'll never know.
For other disaters,(HISTORY)__historians ____ can at least make estimates. The following 11 disaters are the deadliest for which reasonably accurate (DIE)___death __ toll exist. The lesson? While the chaos of a natural disater can mean exact numbers are hard to come by, earthquakes and floods are the disaters most likely to kill large swaths of the population.
Violent natural disasters have been a fact of human life since the (BEGIN)_____beginning __ of the species, but the death counts of the most ancient of these disaters are lost to history. The Merditerranean island of Stroggli, for example, is belived to have been(COMPLETE)____completely __ wiped out by a volcanic eruption and ensuing tsunami that eradicated the entrie Minoan (CIVILIZE)_____civilization__ around 1500 B.C. How many lives were lost? We'll never know.
For other disaters,(HISTORY)__historians ____ can at least make estimates. The following 11 disaters are the deadliest for which reasonably accurate (DIE)___death __ toll exist. The lesson? While the chaos of a natural disater can mean exact numbers are hard to come by, earthquakes and floods are the disaters most likely to kill large swaths of the population.