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1.
a, \(Na+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(2Na+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
2.
a, \(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(2Fe\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(2Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
a. sắt + axit clohydric -> sắt(II) clorua + hidro
b. \(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(N_{HCl}:N_{FeCl_2}:N_{H_2}=2:1:1\\ c.BTKL:m_{ddHCl}=205,4+0,2-5,6=200\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: FeCl3 + 3KOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3KCl
b) Theo ĐLBTKL ta có:
\(m_{FeCl_3}+m_{KOH}=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}+m_{KCl}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{FeCl_3}=m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}+m_{KCl}-m_{KOH}=2,14+4,47-3,36=3,25\left(g\right)\)
`#3107.101107`
Câu `21:`
`a,`
\(\text{4P + 5O}_2\underrightarrow{\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }\text{t}^0\text{ }\text{ }\text{ }}\text{2P}_2\text{O}_5\)
`b,`
\(\text{FeSO}_4+2\text{NaOH}\rightarrow\text{Fe}\left(\text{OH}\right)_2+\text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4\)
Câu `22:`
`a,`
PTHH: \(4\text{Na + O}_2\rightarrow2\text{Na}_2\text{O}\)
`b,`
n của Na trong phản ứng là:
\(\text{n}_{\text{Na}}=\dfrac{\text{m}_{\text{Na}}}{\text{M}_{\text{Na}}}=\dfrac{9,2}{23}=0,4\left(\text{mol}\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\text{n}_{\text{Na}}=2\text{n}_{\text{Na}_2\text{O}}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(\text{mol}\right)\)
m của Na2O sau phản ứng là:
\(\text{m}_{\text{Na}_2\text{O}}=\text{n}_{\text{Na}_2\text{O}}\cdot\text{M}_{\text{Na}_2\text{O}}=0,2\cdot\left(23\cdot2+16\right)=0,2\cdot62=12,4\left(\text{g}\right)\)
- Hoặc bạn sử dụng ĐLBT KL:
Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(\text{m}_{\text{Na}}+\text{m}_{\text{O}_2}=\text{m}_{\text{Na}_2\text{O}}\)
`=>`\(\text{m}_{\text{Na}_2\text{O}}=9,2+3,2=12,4\left(\text{g}\right)\)
`c,`
n của O2 có trong phản ứng là:
\(\text{n}_{\text{O}_2}=\dfrac{\text{m}_{\text{O}_2}}{\text{M}_{\text{O}_2}}=\dfrac{3,2}{16\cdot2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(\text{mol}\right)\)
V của O2 ở đkc là:
\(\text{V}_{\text{O}_2}=\text{n}_{\text{O}_2}\cdot24,79=0,1\cdot24,79=2,479\left(\text{l}\right).\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,3 0,6 0,3 0,3
\(FeCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+2AgCl\)
0,3 0,6
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\\b=0,6.143,5=86,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=150.1,2=180\left(g\right)\\ m_{HCl}=0,6.36,5=21,9\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{21,9}{180}=12,17\%\\C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Fe_3O_4\)
\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2P_2O_5\)
\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}CO_2\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}SO_2\)
\(Fe\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+2H_2O\)