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1.
a. $A=\frac{x^3-x+2}{x-2}=\frac{x^2(x-2)+2x(x-2)+4(x-2)+10}{x-2}$
$=x^2+2x+4+\frac{10}{x-2}$
Với $x$ nguyên, để $A$ nguyên thì $\frac{10}{x-2}$ là số nguyên.
Khi $x$ nguyên, điều này xảy ra khi $10\vdots x-2$
$\Rightarrow x-2\in \left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 5; \pm 10\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{3; 1; 4; 0; 7; -3; 12; -8\right\}$
b.
\(B=\frac{2x^2+5x+8}{2x+1}=\frac{x(2x+1)+3x+8}{2x+1}=x+\frac{3x+8}{2x+1}\)
Với $x$ nguyên, để $B$ nguyên thì $3x+8\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2(3x+8)\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 3(2x+1)+13\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 13\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2x+1\in \left\{\pm 1; \pm 13\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{0; -1; 6; -7\right\}$
Bài 2:
$P=\frac{8x^3-12x^2+6x-1}{4x^2-4x+1}=\frac{(2x-1)^3}{(2x-1)^2}=2x-1$
Với $x$ nguyên thì $2x-1$ cũng là số nguyên.
$\Rightarrow P$ nguyên với mọi $x$ nguyên.
Bài 1:
a) \(M=x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}+1\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Vì \(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge0+\frac{3}{4};\forall x\)
Hay \(M\ge\frac{3}{4};\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy \(MIN\)\(M=\frac{3}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
b) \(N=3-2x-x^2\)
\(=-x^2-2x+3\)
\(=-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+4\)
\(=-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\)
Vì \(-\left(x+1\right)^2\le0;\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+1\right)^2+4\le0+4;\forall x\)
Hay \(N\le4;\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy MAX \(N=4\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Bài 2:
Vì a chia 3 dư 1 nên a có dạng \(3k+1\left(k\in N\right)\)
Vì b chia 3 dư 2 nên b có dạng \(3t+2\left(t\in N\right)\)
Ta có: \(ab=\left(3k+1\right)\left(3t+2\right)\)
\(=\left(3k+1\right).3t+\left(3k+1\right).2\)
\(=9kt+3t+6k+2\)
\(=3.\left(3kt+t+2k\right)+2\)chia 3 dư 2 .
\(\)
1a) Ta có: M = x2 + x + 1 = (x2 + x + 1/4) + 3/4 = (x + 1/2)2 + 3/4
Ta luôn có: (x + 1/2)2 \(\ge\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> (x + 1/2)2 + 3/4 \(\ge\)3/4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : x + 1/2 = 0 <=> x = -1/2
Vậy Mmin = 3/4 tại x = -1/2
b) Ta có: N = 3 - 2x - x2 = -(x2 + 2x + 1) + 4 = -(x + 1)2 + 4
Ta luôn có: -(x + 1)2 \(\le\)0 \(\forall\)x
=> -(x + 1)2 + 4 \(\le\)4 \(\forall\)x
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi : x + 1 = 0 <=> x = -1
Vậy Nmax = 4 tại x = -1
\(\text{a) Thay a = 4 vào pt ta có:}\)
\(\frac{x+4}{x+2}+\frac{x-2}{x-4}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)+\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-4\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-16+x^2-4}{x^2-4x+2x-8}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2x^2-20}{x^2-2x-8}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-20=2.\left(x^2-2x-8\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-20=2x^2-4x-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x^2+4x=-16+20\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(\text{b) Thay x = -1 vào pt ta có:}\)
\(\frac{-1+a}{-1+2}+\frac{-1-2}{-1-a}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-1}{1}+\frac{-3}{-\left(a+1\right)}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)+\frac{3}{a+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)+3}{a+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2-1+3}{a+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2=2.\left(a+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2=2a+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a=2-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(a-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=0\\a-2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=0\\a=2\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy để pt có nghiệm là x = 1 thì a = {0 ; 2}
\(a.Thay:a=4\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+4}{x+2}+\frac{x-2}{x-4}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-4\right)}+\frac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+2\right)\left(x-4\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-4\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)+\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=2\left(x+2\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4x-16+x^2+2x-2x-4=\left(2x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-20=2x^2-8x+4x-16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-20-2x^2+8x-4x+16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Bài giải :
8.1 x+y=xy
⇒x-xy+y=0
⇒x(1-y)+(y-1)+1=0
⇒(x-1)(1-y)+1=0
⇒(x-1)(y-1)-1=0
⇒(x-1)(y-1)=1
⇒x-1, y-1 là ước của 1
⇒x-1=1,y-1=1 hoặc x-1=-1,y-1=-1
⇒(x;y)=(2;2),(0;0)
8.3. 5xy-2y²-2x²+2=0
⇔(x-2y)(y-2x)+2=0
⇔(x-2y)(2x-y)=2
⇒x-2y và 2x-y là ước của 2
\(1.\)
\(a,\left(a+b\right)^2=a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+4ab=a^2-2ab+b^2+4ab=a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=\left(a-b\right)^2+4ab\left(đpcm\right)\)
a) \(x^2+x+1=x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\)(luôn dương)
b) \(x^2-x+\frac{1}{2}=x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}>0\)(luôn dương)
\(\text{a)}x^3-6x^2+12x-8\)
\(=x^3-2x^2-4x^2+8x+4x-8\)
\(=\left(x^3-2x^2\right)-\left(4x^2-8x\right)+\left(4x-8\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+4x\left(x-2\right)+4\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(\text{b)}8x^2+12x^2y+6xy^2+y^3=\left(2x+y\right)^3\)
Bài 2:
\(\text{a) }x^7+1=\left(x^{\frac{7}{3}}\right)^3+1^3=\left(x^{\frac{7}{3}}+1\right)\left[\left(x^{\frac{7}{3}}\right)^2-x^{\frac{7}{3}}+1\right]=\left(x^{\frac{7}{3}}+1\right)\left(x^{\frac{14}{3}}-x^{\frac{7}{3}}+1\right)\)
\(\text{b) }x^{10}-1=\left(x^5\right)^2-1^2=\left(x^5-1\right)\left(x^5+1\right)\)
Bài 3:
\(\text{a) }69^2-31^2=\left(69-31\right)\left(69+31\right)=38.100=3800\)
\(\text{b) }1023^2-23^2=\left(1023-23\right)\left(1023+23\right)=1000.1046=1046000\)