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2a) \(4x^2-1=\left(2x\right)^2-1^2=\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
b) \(x^2+16x+64=\left(x+8\right)^2\)
c) \(x^3-8y^3=x^3-\left(2y\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)\)
d) \(9x^2-12xy+4y^2=\left(3x-2y\right)^2\)
Bài 1:
a) \(25\left(x+2y\right)^2-16\left(2x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left[5\left(x+2y\right)\right]^2-\left[4\left(2x-y\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left[5\left(x+2y\right)-4\left(2x-y\right)\right]\left[5\left(x+2y\right)+4\left(2x-y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(5x+10y-8x+4y\right)\left(5x+10y+8x-4y\right)\)
\(=\left(14y-3x\right)\left(13x+6y\right)\)
b) \(0,25\left(x-2y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-2y\right)\right]^2-\left[2\left(x+y\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-2y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\right]\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-2y\right)+2\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x-y-2x-2y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x-y+2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(-\dfrac{3}{2}x-3y\right)\left(\dfrac{5}{2}x+y\right)\)
\(=-3\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{5}{2}x+y\right)\)
c) \(\dfrac{4}{9}\left(x-3y\right)^2-0,04\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x-3y\right)\right]^2-\left[\dfrac{1}{5}\left(x+y\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x-3y\right)-\dfrac{1}{5}\left(x+y\right)\right]\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x-3y\right)+\dfrac{1}{5}\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x-2y-\dfrac{1}{5}x-\dfrac{1}{5}y\right)\left(\dfrac{2}{3}x-2y+\dfrac{1}{5}x+\dfrac{1}{5}y\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{7}{15}x-\dfrac{11}{5}y\right)\left(\dfrac{13}{15}x-\dfrac{9}{5}y\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\dfrac{7}{3}x-11y\right).\dfrac{1}{5}\left(\dfrac{13}{3}x-9y\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{25}\left(\dfrac{7}{3}x-11y\right)\left(\dfrac{13}{3}x-9y\right)\)
d) \(-25x^2+30x-9\)
\(=-\left(25x^2-30x+9\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(5x\right)^2-2.5x.3+3^2\right]\)
\(=-\left(5x-3\right)^2\)
Bài 2:
a) \(x^3y^2-x^2y^3-2x+2y\)
\(=x^2y^2\left(x-y\right)-2\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2y^2-2\right)\)
Thay x = -1 và y = -2 vào ta được
\(=\left[-1-\left(-2\right)\right]\left[\left(-1\right)^2\left(-2\right)^2-2\right]\)
\(=1\left(4-2\right)\)
\(=2\)
b) \(5x^2-3x+3y-5y^2\)
\(=5\left(x^2-y^2\right)-3\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=5\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x-y\right)\)
Thay x = 3 và y = 1 vào ta được
\(=5\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)-3\left(3-1\right)\)
\(=5.2.4-3.2\)
\(=34\)
I,
\(B=\left(3x-1\right)^2-\left(x+7\right)^2-2\left(2x-5\right)\left(2x+5\right)\\ =9x^2-6x+1-x^2-14x-49-2\left(4x^2-25\right)\\ =8x^2-20x-48-8x^2+50\\ =-20x+2\)
II,
\(a,2x^2+6xy-10.Thayx=-4,y=3,tacó: 2\cdot\left(-4\right)^2+6\cdot\left(-4\right)\cdot3-10=-50\)
\(b,x\left(x+y\right)+y\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)^2\\ Thayx=19,6;y=0,4tacó:\\ \left(19,6+0,4\right)^2=400\)
\(c,x\left(x-3\right)-y\left(3-x\right)=x\left(x-3\right)+y\left(x-3\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-3\right)\\ Thayx=\frac{1}{3};y=\frac{8}{3},tacó:\\ \left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{8}{3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-3\right)=-8\)
\(d,2x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+5\left(x^2+y^2\right)\\ =\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left[2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+5\right]\\ Thayx^2+y^2=1,tacó:\\ 1\cdot\left(2\cdot1+5\right)=7\)
c)\(x^3+3xy+y^3\)
\(=x^3+y^3+3xy=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+3xy\)
\(=\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+3xy\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2+3xy\)
\(=x^2+2xy+y^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(=1^2=1\)
a)
\(=x^2-\left(1-2y+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-\left(1-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-1+y\right)\left(x+1-y\right)\)
thay x=0,75 , y=1,25 vào biểu thức
\(=\left(0,75-1+1,25\right)\left(0,75+1-1,25\right)\)
\(=1\cdot\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)