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a)\(\left(2\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(2+\sqrt{x}\right)+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x}+2x-6-3\sqrt{x}+6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}\sqrt{x}=0\\2\sqrt{x}-1=0\end{array}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=0\\x=\frac{1}{4}\end{array}\right.\)
Giải pt :
1
a. ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge4\)
Ta có :
\(\sqrt{x+3}-\sqrt{x-4}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+3}=1+\sqrt{x-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow x+3=x-3+2\sqrt{x-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow6=2\sqrt{x-4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3=\sqrt{x-4}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-4=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=13\) (TM ĐKXĐ)
Vậy \(S=\left\{13\right\}\)
b.ĐKXĐ : \(-3\le x\le10\)
Ta có :
\(\sqrt{10-x}+\sqrt{x+3}=5\\ \Leftrightarrow13+2\sqrt{-x^2+7x+30}=25\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{-x^2+7x+30}=6\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+7x+30=36\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+7x-6=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^2+x+6x-6=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-x\left(x-1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(6-x\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(TMĐKXĐ\right)\\x=6\left(TMĐKXĐ\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{1;6\right\}\)
2. \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}-16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x+3}=\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{x-3}}\) (2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}-16}{\sqrt{x-3}}+\sqrt{x+3}-\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{x-3}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}-16+\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}-7}{\sqrt{x-3}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2}-16+\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)}-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|-16+\sqrt{x^2-9}-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|-23+\sqrt{x^2-9}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-9}=-\left|x\right|+23\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=-\left(-\left|x\right|+23\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=-\left(-\left|x\right|\right)^2-46\cdot\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=\left|x\right|^2-46+\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-9=x^2-46\cdot\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-9=-46\cdot\left|x\right|+529\)
\(\Leftrightarrow46\cdot\left|x\right|=529+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49\cdot\left|x\right|=538\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x\right|=\dfrac{269}{23}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{269}{23}\\x=-\dfrac{269}{23}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Sau khi dùng phép thử ta nhận thấy \(x\ne-\dfrac{269}{23}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình (1) là \(S=\left\{\dfrac{269}{23}\right\}\)
3. sửa đề: \(\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{x-4}\sqrt{x-1}\) (3)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{x^2-x-4x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{14-x}=\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow14-x=x^2-5x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow14-x-x^2+5x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow10+4x-x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+4x+10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-10=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{-\left(-4\right)\pm\sqrt{\left(-4\right)^2-4\cdot1\cdot\left(-10\right)}}{2\cdot1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{16+40}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{56}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm2\sqrt{14}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4-2\sqrt{14}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4+2\sqrt{14}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2+\sqrt{14}\\x=2-\sqrt{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)
sau khi dùng phép thử ta nhận thấy \(x\ne2-\sqrt{14}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình (3) là \(S=\left\{2+\sqrt{14}\right\}\)
a: Sửa đề; \(P=\left(\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{x}-2}{\sqrt{x}-1}\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{1-\sqrt{x}}-1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-3-x+1+x-4}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{1-1+\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x+3\sqrt{x}-6}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{x}}{1-\sqrt{x}}\)
b: Để \(P=\sqrt{x}\) thì \(3\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{x}-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x}=0\)
hay x=0
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 1$
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}=a; \sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=b\)
\(\sqrt{x^4-1}=\sqrt{(x-1)(x^3+x^2+x+1)}=ab\). PT đã cho trở thành:
\(a+b=1+ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+1-a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-1)(b-1)=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} a=1\\ b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu $a=1$: \(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x-1}=1\Rightarrow x=1\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu \(b=1\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+x^2+x=0\) (vô lý với mọi $x\geq 1$)
Vậy PT có nghiệm duy nhất $x=1$