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1, \(x^3=\left(7+\sqrt{\frac{49}{8}}\right)+\left(7-\sqrt{\frac{49}{8}}\right)+3x\sqrt[3]{\left(7+\sqrt{\frac{49}{8}}\right)\left(7-\sqrt{\frac{49}{8}}\right)}\)
\(=14+3x\cdot\frac{7}{2}=14+\frac{21x}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-\frac{21}{2}x-14=0\)
Ta có: \(f\left(x\right)=\left(2x^3-21-29\right)^{2019}=\left[2\left(x^3-\frac{21}{2}x-14\right)-1\right]^{2019}=\left(-1\right)^{2019}=-1\)
2, ta có: \(1^3+2^3+...+n^3=\left(1+2+...+n\right)^2=\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\) (bạn tự cm)
Áp dụng công thức trên ta được n=2016
3, \(x=\frac{\sqrt[3]{17\sqrt{5}-38}\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{14-6\sqrt{5}}}=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^3-3.\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2.2+3\sqrt{5}.2^2-2^3}\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{9-2.3\sqrt{5}+5}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^3}\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{\left(3-\sqrt{5}\right)^2}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+2\right)}{\sqrt{5}+3-\sqrt{5}}=\frac{5-4}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Thay x=1/3 vào A ta được;
\(A=3x^3+8x^2+2=3.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^3+8.\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+2=3\)
1) Ta có: \(2020^2=\left(2019+1\right)^2=2019^2+2.2019+1.\)
\(\Rightarrow1+2019^2=2020^2-2.2019\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\sqrt{1+2019^2+\frac{2019^2}{2020^2}}+\frac{2019}{2020}=\sqrt{2020^2-2.2019+\frac{2019^2}{2020^2}}+\frac{2019}{2020}\)
\(=\sqrt{2020^2-2.2020.\frac{2019}{2020}+\left(\frac{2019}{2020}\right)^2}+\frac{2019}{2020}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(2020-\frac{2019}{2020}\right)^2}+\frac{2019}{2020}=2020-\frac{2019}{2020}+\frac{2019}{2020}\)
\(=2020\)
Vậy M=2020.
2) Xét : \(k\in N;k\ge2\)ta có:
\(\left(1+\frac{1}{k-1}-\frac{1}{k}\right)^2=1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{2}{k-1}-\frac{2}{\left(k-1\right)k}-\frac{2}{k}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}+\frac{2}{k-1}-\frac{2}{k-1}+\frac{2}{k}-\frac{2}{k}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{1}{k-1}-\frac{1}{k}\right)^2=1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{\left(k-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{k^2}}=1+\frac{1}{k-1}+\frac{1}{k}\)
Cho \(k=3,4,...,2020.\)Ta có:
\(N=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}}+...+\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{2019^2}+\frac{1}{2020^2}}\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{2018}-\frac{1}{2019}\right)+\left(1+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\right)\)
\(=2018+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2020}=2018\frac{1009}{2020}\)
Vậy \(N=2018\frac{1009}{2020}.\)
Ta co:
\(\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1+n}< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n+1}.\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Ap vào bài toan được
\(S_n=\frac{1}{3\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{1}{5\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)
\(< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}\ge2014\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1-\sqrt{2}}{\left(1+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{2}\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{n-\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{-1}\)
\(=\frac{1-\sqrt{n+1}}{-1}=\sqrt{n+1}-1\ge2014\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}\ge2015\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n+1=2015^2=4060225\)
\(V~~n=4060224\)
Câu b đề sai nha, bây giờ đặt \(a=\sqrt{2017},b=\sqrt{2018}\)
Ta có \(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{a}< a+b\Leftrightarrow ab\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{a}\right)< ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3< ab\left(a+b\right)\)(1)
Mà \(ab\left(a+b\right)\le\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)=a^3+b^3\)(2)
Từ (1), (2) => Sai
a) Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{k+1-k}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}\right)\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}\)\(< \frac{2\sqrt{k+1}\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{\left(k+1\right)\sqrt{k}}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\right)}{\sqrt{k+1}\sqrt{k}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{k}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{k+1}}\)
Cho k=1,2,....,n rồi cộng từng vế ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< \left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+....+\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}}< 2\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}{1+\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2}{\left(1+\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{2n+2-2\sqrt{n}+2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{2\left(1+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left[2n+2-2\sqrt{n}+2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\left(1-\sqrt{n+1}\right)}{2\left(1+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{-2n\sqrt{n+1}+2n\sqrt{n}}{-2n}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Suy ra:
\(Q=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2016}=\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2}< \sqrt{2017}-1=R\)
Vậy Q < R.
\(1^3+2^3+...+n^3=\left(1+2+...+n\right)^2\) (có thể chứng minh bằng quy nạp)
\(1+2+...+n=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{1^3+2^3+...+n^3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right)^2}}=\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=2\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{2017}{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\frac{2017}{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{n+1}=1-\frac{2017}{2019}=\frac{2}{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1=2019\Rightarrow n=2018\)