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a,sửa x8 thành x2
\(A=5-8x-x^2=-\left(x^2+8x+16\right)+21=-\left(x+2\right)^2+21\le21\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x+2=0 <=> x=-2
Vậy Amax = 21 khi x = -2
b,\(B=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y=-\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+7=-\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+1=0\\2y+1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-1\\y=\frac{-1}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Bmax = 7 khi x=-1,y=-1/2
\(a,A=-x^2-6x-10=-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)-1=-\left(x+3\right)^2-1\le-1\)
Dấu = xảy ra ⇔ x +3 =0 ⇔ x = -3
\(Max_A=-1\text{ ⇔}x=-3\)
\(b,B=12x-4x^2+3=-\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+12=-\left(2x-3\right)^2+12\le12\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(Max_B=12\text{ ⇔}x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(c,8x-8x^2+3=-8\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+5=-8\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+5\le5\)
\(d,-x^2-8x+2018-y^2+4y\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2038\le2038\)
\(e,-4x^4-12x^2+11=-\left(4x^4+12x^2+9\right)+20=-\left(2x^2+3\right)^2+20\le20\)
\(f,C=x-\dfrac{x^2}{4}\Rightarrow4C=4x-x^2\)\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=-\left(x-2\right)^2+4\)
\(\Rightarrow C=-\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{4}+1\le1\)
\(g,D=x-\dfrac{9x^2}{25}\Rightarrow25D=-\left(9x^2-25x\right)=-\left(9x^2-2.3x.\dfrac{25}{6}+\dfrac{625}{36}\right)+\dfrac{625}{36}=-\left(3x-\dfrac{25}{6}\right)^2+\dfrac{625}{36}\)
\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{-\left(3x-\dfrac{25}{6}\right)^2}{25}+\dfrac{25}{36}\le\dfrac{25}{36}\)
Bài 1:
1.Đặt \(A=x^2+y^2-3x+2y+3\)
\(=x^2-2.x.\frac{3}{2}+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{9}{4}+y^2+2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\frac{9}{4}+2\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\forall x\\\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0;\forall y\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0;\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\ge0-\frac{1}{4};\forall x,y\)
Hay \(A\ge\frac{-1}{4};\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2=0\\\left(y+1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{2}\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)
VẬY MIN A=\(\frac{-1}{4}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=\frac{3}{2}\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\frac{8x^2+6xy}{x^2+y^2}\)
Ta có
\(9-A=9-\frac{8x^2+6xy}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2-6xy+9y^2}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{\left(x-3y\right)^2}{x^2+y^2}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le9\) đẳng thức khi x=3y
a) \(P=2x-x^2-2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-1\)
\(=-\left(x-1\right)^2-1\)
Vì \(-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0;\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-1\right)^2-1\le0-1;\forall x\)
Hay \(P\le-1< 0;\forall x\)
Vậy biểu thức P luôn có giá trị âm với mọi x
b) \(Q=-x^2-y^2+8x+4y-21\)
\(=-\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-1\)
\(=-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2-1\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(x-4\right)^2\le0;\forall x,y\\-\left(y-2\right)\le0;\forall x,y\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2\le0;\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2-1\le0-1;\forall x,y\)
Hay \(Q\le-1< 0;\forall x,y\)
Vậy biểu thức Q luôn âm với mọi gt của x,y
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hok tốt
\(A=x^2+2x+3=\left(x+1\right)^2+2>=2\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1
\(B=-\left(x^2+4x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+4x+4-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+2\right)^2+5< =5\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2
\(C=-x^2-8x+5\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21< =21\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-4
\(D=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{5}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{5}{4}< =\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-1/2
Ta có:
\(M=-x^2-y^2+8x+4y-21\)
\(M=-\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-1\)
\(M=-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2-1\le-1\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-4\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Max(M) = -1 khi x = 4 và y = 2
\(M=-x^2-y^2+8x+4y-21\)
\(=-x^2+8x-16-y^2+4y-4-1\)
\(=-\left(x^2-8x+16\right)-\left(y^2-4y+4\right)-1\)
\(=-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2-1\)
Vì \(\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-4\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\left(y-2\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)\(\Rightarrow-\left(y-2\right)^2\le0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2\le0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-4\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2-1\le-1\forall x,y\)
hay \(A\le-1\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-4=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(maxM=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4\\y=2\end{cases}}\)