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\(B=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+y}.\frac{x+y}{4}}=x\)
CMTT: \(\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge y\)
\(\frac{z^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge z\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+y}{4}+\frac{y+z}{4}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}\ge4-\frac{2.\left(x+y+z\right)}{4}=4-2=2\)
\(B\ge2\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{3}\)
áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có
\(\frac{x^3}{y+2z}+\frac{y+2z}{9}+\frac{1}{3}>=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{y+2z}.\frac{\left(y+2z\right)}{9}.\frac{1}{3}}=x\)
\(=>\frac{x^3}{y+2z}>=x-\frac{y+2z}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{y^3}{z+2x}>=y-\frac{z+2x}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\),\(\frac{z^3}{x+2y}>=z-\frac{x+2y}{9}-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(=>P>=\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{3\left(x+y+z\right)}{9}-\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
Mà x+y+z=3
\(=>P>=3-1-1=1\)
=>Min P=1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z=1
áp dụng bdt cauchy -schửat dạng engel ta có
\(A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)\(\ge\frac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
(do \(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}\) bn tự cm nhé)
dau = xay ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x^2}{x+y}.\frac{x+y}{4}}=x\)
\(\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y^2}{x+z}.\frac{x+z}{4}}\ge y\)
\(\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{z^2}{x+y}.\frac{x+y}{4}}\ge z\)
Cộng từng vế các bđt trên ta được:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}=1\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy Min P=1 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
AP DUNG BDT CAUCHY-SCHWAR : \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)(DAU "=" XAY RA KHI \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\))
...Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(Q\ge\frac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{36}{1}=36\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=1\\\frac{1}{x}=\frac{2}{y}=\frac{3}{z}\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2x=y\\3y=2z\\z=3x\end{cases}}\)
Giải tiếp t cái dấu = :v
Bổ đề: \(\left(mn+np+pm\right)^2\ge3mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow m^2n^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2+2mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\ge3mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow m^2n^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2\ge mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow m^2n^2+n^2p^2+p^2m^2-mnp\left(m+n+p\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(mn-np\right)^2+\left(np-pm\right)^2+\left(pm-mn\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
Vậy bổ đề được chứng minh
Áp dụng vào bài toán, ta được: \(\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\ge3xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)hay \(\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2\ge3\left(x+y+z\right)\)(Do xyz = 1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\ge\frac{3}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{3}{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}-\frac{2}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}=s\)thì \(A\ge3s^2-2s=3\left(s^2-\frac{2}{3}s+\frac{1}{9}\right)-\frac{1}{3}=3\left(s-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2-\frac{1}{3}\ge-\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(A\ge-\frac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x,y,z>0\\x=y=z\\\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx}=\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(MinA=-\frac{1}{3}\), đạt được khi x = y = z = 1
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{6}\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\right)\left(\left(2x\right)^2+\left(y\sqrt{6}\right)^2+\left(z\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right)\ge\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{2}.2x+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}.y\sqrt{6}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.z\sqrt{3}\right)^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2=3^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(4x^2+6y^2+3z^2\right)\ge9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3}{4}A\ge9\Leftrightarrow A\ge12\)
Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}4x=6y=3z\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=\frac{2}{3},z=\frac{4}{3}}\)
Áp dụng bđt svacxo: \(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3^2}{y_3}\ge\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2}{y_1+y_2+y_3}\)(Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\frac{x_1}{y_1}=\frac{x_2}{y_2}=\frac{x_3}{y_3}\))
CM bđt đúng: Áp dụng bđt buniacopski
\(\left[\left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{y_1}}\right)^2+\left(\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{y_2}}\right)+\left(\frac{x_3}{\sqrt{y_3}}\right)\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{y_1}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y_2}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2\right]\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{x_1}{\sqrt{y_1}}+\sqrt{y_1}+\frac{x_2}{\sqrt{y_2}}+\frac{x_3}{\sqrt{y_3}}+\sqrt{y_2}+\frac{x_3}{y_3}\right)^2\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{x_1^2}{y_1}+\frac{x_2^2}{y_2}+\frac{x_3}{y_3}\right)\left(y_1+y_2+y_3\right)\) \(\ge\left(x_1+x_2+x_3\right)^2\)
Áp dụng bđt vaofA, ta có:
A = \(4x^2+6y^2+3z^2=\frac{x^2}{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{y^2}{\frac{1}{6}}+\frac{z_2}{\frac{1}{3}}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{9}{\frac{3}{4}}=12\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{x}{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{y}{\frac{1}{6}}=\frac{z}{\frac{1}{3}}\\x+y+z=3\end{cases}}\) <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=\frac{2}{3}\\z=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy MinA = 12 <=> x = 1; y = 2/3; z = 4/3
\(A=\frac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}{y}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{z}.\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopski ta có
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\left(x+\sqrt{yz}\right)^2\)
Tương tự \(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\ge\left(y+\sqrt{xz}\right)^2\)
\(\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\ge\left(z+\sqrt{xy}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+\sqrt{yz}\right)}{x}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+\sqrt{xz}\right)}{y}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+\sqrt{xy}\right)}{z}\)
hay \(A\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{\sqrt{yz}\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\frac{\left(x+z\right)\sqrt{xz}}{y}+\frac{\left(x+y\right)\sqrt{xy}}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)+\frac{yz\sqrt{yz}\left(y+z\right)}{xyz}+\frac{xz\sqrt{xz}\left(x+z\right)}{xyz}+\frac{xy\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{yz\sqrt{yz}\left(y+z\right)}{xyz}+\frac{xz\sqrt{xz}\left(x+z\right)}{xyz}+\frac{xy\sqrt{xy}\left(x+y\right)}{xyz}\)
Ta có \(\left(x,y,z\right)\rightarrow\left(a^2,b^2,c^2\right)\)
Khi đó \(M=\frac{a^3b^3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+b^3c^3\left(b^2+c^2\right)+c^3a^3\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
ÁP DỤNG BĐT AM-GM ta có
\(a^5b^3+a^3b^5\ge2\sqrt{a^8b^8}=2a^4b^4\)
\(b^5c^3+b^3c^5\ge2\sqrt{b^8c^8}=2b^4c^4\)
\(a^5c^3+a^3c^5\ge2\sqrt{a^8c^8}=2a^4c^4\)
Cộng từng vế ta được
\(a^3b^3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+b^3c^3\left(b^2+c^2\right)+c^3a^3\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(a^4b^4+b^4c^4+c^4a^4\right)\)
\(\ge2a^2b^2c^2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)=4\sqrt{2019}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{2019}}{3}\)
dùng coossi cho 3 số dương