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Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge4\frac{4}{a+b+c}=4.\frac{4}{6}=\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\le\frac{-8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=1-\frac{1}{a}+1-\frac{1}{b}+1-\frac{4}{c}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\le3-\frac{8}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a+b=c\\a+b+c=6\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=\frac{3}{2}\\c=3\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy GTLN của M là 1/3
Với 2 số x,y > 0 Theo Cauchy ta có: \(\frac{x+y}{2}\ge\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\ge xy\Rightarrow\frac{x+y}{xy}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}^{\left(1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{b-1}{b}+\frac{c-4}{c}=1-\frac{1}{a}+1-\frac{1}{b}+1-\frac{4}{c}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng (1) ta có:\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge4\cdot\frac{4}{a+b+c}=\frac{16}{6}=\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\le3-\frac{8}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b và (a+b)=c hay a=b=1,5 và c=3.
\(P=\frac{a-1}{a}+\frac{b-1}{b}+\frac{c-4}{c}=\frac{a}{a}-\frac{1}{a}+\frac{b}{b}-\frac{1}{b}+\frac{c}{c}-\frac{4}{c}\)
=> \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\)(1)
Ta lại có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0< =>a+b-2\sqrt{ab}\ge0=>\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge ab\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}< =>\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{4}{c}=4\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge4\left(\frac{4}{a+b+c}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\ge4\left(\frac{4}{6}\right)=\frac{16}{6}=\frac{8}{3}\)(Do a+b+c=6 theo gt)
Thay vào (1), suy ra:
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{4}{c}\right)\le3-\frac{8}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
=> GTLL của P là: \(P=\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi a=b và a+b=c => c=3; a=b=1,5
2) M = (x25 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1) - 5x5 + 2
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 5 số dương x25; 1;1;1;1 ta có: x25 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 \(\ge\)5.\(\sqrt[5]{x^{25}.1.1.1.1}=x^5\) = 5x5
=> M \(\ge\) 5x5 - 5x5 + 2 = 2
Vậy M nhỏ nhất = 2 khi x25 = 1 => x = 1
\(ab=\frac{1}{c};c=\frac{1}{ab}\)
\(a+b+c-\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=a+b+\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}-ab\)
\(=\left(a+b-ab-1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{ab}-\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{b}+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(=-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)}{ab}\)
\(=-\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)c\)
\(=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
Do biểu thức ban đầu dương nên ta có đpcm
\(S=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2-a^2-b^2}{2}+2\left(a+b\right)\)
\(S=\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2+4\left(a+b\right)-1}{2}\)
\(S=\frac{\left\{\left(a+b\right)-2\right\}^2+5}{2}\)
S>=\(\frac{5}{2}\) xay ra dau = khi va chi khi a+b=2 dua vao day tim a,b
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(P=\frac{1}{2a-a^2}+\frac{1}{2b-b^2}+\frac{1}{2c-c^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{9}{2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{9}{2-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(=\frac{9}{2-\frac{1}{3}}=\frac{9}{\frac{5}{3}}=\frac{27}{5}\)
Xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Do \(a\ge1;b\ge1;c\ge1\left(nên\right)\)
\(\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)+\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)+\left(c-1\right)\left(a-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\le5\)
khi đó \(P=3a+2b+c-1=3\left(a+b+c\right)-\left(b+2c\right)-1\le15-3-1=11\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=3 , b=c=1
=> GTLN(P)=11
Mặt khác \(\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=ab+bc+ca+a^2\ge8\)
nên ta có \(P=2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)-1\ge2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge2\sqrt{16}-1=7\)
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=1, c=3
zậy ..