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\(\left(x+a\right)\left(x+b\right)\left(x+c\right)=\left(x^2+bx+ax+ab\right)\left(x+c\right)\)
\(=x^3+cx^2+bx^2+bcx+ax^2+acx+abx+abc\)
\(=x^3+\left(a+b+c\right)x^2+\left(ab+ac+bc\right)x+abc\)
Đồnh nhất đa thức trên với đa thức \(x^3+ax^2+bx+c\),ta đc hệ điều kiện:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=a\left(1\right)\\ab+ac+bc=b\left(2\right)\\abc=c\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)a+b+c=a=>b+c=0=>c=-b\)
Thay vào (2),ta đc: \(ab+a.\left(-b\right)+b.\left(-b\right)=b=>ab-ab-b^2=b=>-b^2=b\)
\(=>b^2+b=0=>b\left(b+1\right)=0=>\orbr{\begin{cases}b=0\\b=-1\end{cases}}\)
+b=0 thì từ (1) suy ra c=0 ; a tùy ý
+b=-1 thì từ (1) suy ra c=1
Mà theo (3)\(abc=c=>a=\frac{c}{bc}=\frac{1}{-1}=-1\)
Vậy a=-1 hoặc a tùy ý ;b=0 hoặc b=-1;c=0 hoặc c=1
a) \(ax+ay-3x-3y=a\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)=\left(a-3\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
b) \(x^3-3x^2+3x-9=x^2\left(x-3\right)+3\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2+3\right)\)
c) xem lại đề
d) \(9-x^2-2xy-y^2=9-\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(3-x-y\right)\left(3+x+y\right)\)
a) \(x^2+2x-4y^2-4y=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)+\left(2x-4y\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y\right)+2\left(x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right).\left(x+2y+2\right)\)
b) \(x^4-6x^3+54x-81=\left(x^4-81\right)-\left(6x^3-54x\right)=\left(x^2-9\right)\left(x^2+9\right)-6x.\left(x^2-9\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-9\right).\left(x^2+9-6x\right)=\left(x+3\right).\left(x-3\right).\left(x-3\right)^2=\left(x+3\right).\left(x-3\right)^3\)
c) \(ax^2+ax-bx^2-bx-a+b=\left(ax^2-bx^2\right)+\left(ax-bx\right)-\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=x^2.\left(a-b\right)+x.\left(a-b\right)-\left(a-b\right)=\left(a-b\right).\left(x^2+x-1\right)\)
d) \(\left(x^2+y^2-2\right)^2-\left(2xy-2\right)^2=\left(x^2+y^2-2+2xy-2\right).\left(x^2+y^2-2-2xy+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-4\right).\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-4\right].\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+y+2\right).\left(x+y-2\right).\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(ab\left(a-b\right)-ac\left(a+c\right)+bc\left(2a-b+c\right)\)
\(=ab\left(a-b\right)-ac\left(a+c\right)+bc\left[\left(a-b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\right]\)
\(=ab\left(a-b\right)-ac\left(a+c\right)+bc\left(a-b\right)+bc\left(a+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(a+c\right)\left(bc-ac\right)\)
\(=b\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)-c\left(a+c\right)\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+a\right)\left(x+b\right)\left(x+c\right)\)
\(=x^3+\left(a+b+c\right)x^2+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)x+abc\)
Lại có \(x^3+ax^2+bx+c\)
Đồng nhất 2 đa thức ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3=x^3\\\left(a+b+c\right)x^2=ax^2\\\left(ab+bc+ca\right)x=bx\\abc=c\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=a\\ab+bc+ca=b\\ab=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b-1\\c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)