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\(\forall n\inℕ^∗\)ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)
Thay n=1; n=2; n=3; .....; n=2004 Ta có:
\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\)
a) \(\frac{3+2\sqrt{3}}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2+\sqrt{2}}{1+\sqrt{2}}-2+\sqrt{3}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{3}.\left(\sqrt{3}+2\right)}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\sqrt{2}.\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}{1+\sqrt{2}}-2+\sqrt{3}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}+2+\sqrt{2}-2+\sqrt{3}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\)
b) \(\frac{-3}{2}.\sqrt{9-4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt{\left(-4\right)^2.\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3}{2}.\sqrt{5-4\sqrt{5}+4}+\sqrt{4^2.\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3}{2}.\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{4^2}.\sqrt{\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3}{2}.\left|\sqrt{5}-2\right|+4.\left|1+\sqrt{5}\right|\)
\(=\frac{-3}{2}.\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)+4\left(1+\sqrt{5}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{5}}{2}+3+4+4\sqrt{5}\)
\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{5}}{2}+4\sqrt{5}+7\)
\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{5}}{2}+\frac{8\sqrt{5}}{2}+\frac{14}{2}\)
\(=\frac{-3\sqrt{5}+8\sqrt{5}+14}{2}=\frac{14+5\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
Áp dụng \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}\sqrt{n}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Ta có
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n^2+n}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Từ đó ta có
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}=\frac{\sqrt{2005}-1}{\sqrt{2005}}\)
\(\frac{1}{n\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\sqrt{n-1}.\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\sqrt{n-1}\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{n-1}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
\(< \left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}}\right)=2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n-1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\right)\)
Áp dụng vài bài toán:
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2005\sqrt{2004}}\)
\(< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)+...+2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\right)=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2005}}< 2\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2005\sqrt{2004}}< 2\)
Chứng minh biểu thức đó <2
Với mọi \(n\in N^{\cdot}\), ta có
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1< 2\left(n+1\right).\sqrt{n}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0< n+1-2\sqrt{n+1}.\sqrt{n}+n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0< \left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)^2\)(Luôn đúng vì n thuộc N*)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}}+...\dfrac{1}{2005\sqrt{2004}}< 2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2004}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2005}}\right)< 2\)
mk ko hiểu dòng thứ 3 cho lắm,tại sao ta luôn có điều đó vậy ạ
......................?
mik ko biết
mong bn thông cảm
nha ................
\(A=\left(1-2\right)\left(1+2\right)+\left(3-4\right)\left(3+4\right)+...+\left(2003-2004\right)\left(2003+2004\right)+2005^2\)
\(=-\left(1+2+3+4+...+2003+2004\right)+2005^2\)
\(=2005^2-2009010=2011015\)