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\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác là tam giác đều
Ta có: \(abc=b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{b+2c}{bc}\)\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{5}{a+b-c}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}+2.\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+a+b-c}+3.\dfrac{4}{c+a-b+a+b-c}=\dfrac{4}{2c}+2.\dfrac{4}{2b}+3.\dfrac{4}{2a}=\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{6}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)=2\left(a+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)\ge2.2\sqrt{\dfrac{a.3}{a}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
(bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
Ap dung bdt Cauchy-Schwarz dang Engel co:
\(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{p-a+p-b}=\dfrac{4}{2p-a-b}=\dfrac{4}{c}\)
Tuong tu: \(\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge\dfrac{4}{a}\);
\(\dfrac{1}{p-c}+\dfrac{1}{p-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{b}\)
Cong theo ve cac bdt tren ta co:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\right)\ge4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{p-a}+\dfrac{1}{p-b}+\dfrac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
=> Đpcm
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT : \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab-2bc-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a+b-c\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng.
\(\Rightarrow2\left(bc+ac-ab\right)\le\dfrac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+ac-ab\le\dfrac{5}{6}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{c}< \dfrac{1}{abc}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a+b+c\\y=ab+bc+ca\end{matrix}\right.\) khi đó \(BDT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+4x+y+3}{x^2+2x+y+xy}-1\le\dfrac{12+4x+y}{9+4x+2y}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+3-xy}{x^2+2x+y+xy}\le\dfrac{3-y}{9+4x+2y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x^2-3x^2y-xy^2-6xy+24x+y^2+3y+27}{\left(4x+2y+9\right)\left(x^2+xy+2x+y\right)}\le0\)
Đúng vì \(\dfrac{5}{3}x^2y\ge5x^2;\dfrac{x^2y}{3}\ge y^2;xy^2\ge9x;5xy\ge15x;xy\ge3y;x^2y\ge27\)
Lời giải:
\(a+b+c=abc\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)=a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)+bc=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+1=\frac{(a+b)(a+c)}{bc}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{bc}{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{a+c})\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ac}{(b+a)(b+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{b+a}+\frac{c}{b+c})\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{(c+a)(c+b)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a}{c+a}+\frac{b}{b+c})\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\leq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a})=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\sqrt{3}$
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(\dfrac{y}{x};\dfrac{z}{y};\dfrac{x}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{y}{x}\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{z}{y}\left(\dfrac{x}{z}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{x}{z}\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+1\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{x}{y+z}+\dfrac{y}{z+x}+\dfrac{z}{x+y}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Vì tam giác có chu vi bằng $1$ nên $a+b+c=1$
\(\Rightarrow 1-a, 1-b, 1-c>0\)
Thay vào biểu thức đã cho:
\(\frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{c}{1-c}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{c}{1-c}\right)[a(1-a)+b(1-b)+c(1-c)]\geq (a+b+c)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{c}{1-c}\geq \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{(a+b+c)-(a^2+b^2+c^2)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{c}{1-c}\geq \frac{1}{1-(a^2+b^2+c^2)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky: \((a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+1+1)\geq (a+b+c)^2=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow 1-(a^2+b^2+c^2)\leq \frac{2}{3}\)
Suy ra \( \frac{a}{1-a}+\frac{b}{1-b}+\frac{c}{1-c}\geq \frac{1}{1-(a^2+b^2+c^2)}\geq \frac{1}{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\frac{a}{1}=\frac{b}{1}=\frac{c}{1}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\) hay tam giác $ABC$ đều.
Cách khác:v
Giải: \(gt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a;b;c>0\\a+b+c=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(a+b+c\right)-a}+\dfrac{b}{\left(a+b+c\right)-b}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a+b+c\right)-c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(Nesbit:\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" \(a=b=c\Leftrightarrow\Delta ABC\) đều