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Câu 1.
C = 5 + 42 + 43 + ... + 42020
a) Xét A = 42 + 43 + ... + 42020
=> 4A = 43 + 44 + ... + 42021
=> 4A - A = 3A
= 43 + 44 + ... + 42021 - ( 42 + 43 + ... + 42020 )
= 43 + 44 + ... + 42021 - 42 - 43 - ... - 42020
= 42021 - 42
=> A = \(\frac{4^{2021}-4^2}{3}\)
Thế vào C ta được : \(C=5+\frac{4^{2021}-4^2}{3}=\frac{15}{3}+\frac{4^{2021}-4^2}{3}=\frac{4^{2021}+15-16}{3}=\frac{4^{2021}-1}{3}\)
b) D = 42021 => \(\frac{D}{3}=\frac{4^{2021}}{3}\)
Vì 42021 - 1 < 42021 => \(\frac{4^{2021}-1}{3}< \frac{4^{2021}}{3}\)
=> C < D/3
c) Dùng kết quả ý a) ta được :
3C + 1 = 42x-6
<=> \(3\cdot\frac{4^{2021}-1}{3}+1=4^{2x-6}\)
<=> 42021 - 1 + 1 = 42x-6
<=> 42021 = 42x-6
<=> 2021 = 2x - 6
<=> 2x = 2027
<=> x = 2027/2
Câu 2.
( x - 1 )( 4 + 22 + 23 + ... + 220 ) = 222 - 221
Xét A = 22 + 23 + ... + 220
=> 2A = 23 + 24 + ... + 221
=> A = 2A - A
= 23 + 24 + ... + 221 - ( 22 + 23 + ... + 220 )
= 23 + 24 + ... + 221 - 22 - 23 - ... - 220
= 221 - 4
Thế vô đề bài ta được
( x - 1 )( 4 + 221 - 4 ) = 222 - 221
<=> ( x - 1 ).221 = 221( 2 - 1 )
<=> x - 1 = 1
<=> x = 2
Ta có :
\(N=\frac{2018+2019+2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(=\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}+\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}+\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)
Mà \(\frac{2018}{2019}>\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(\frac{2019}{2020}>\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow M>N\)
Trả lời:
Ta có:
\(\frac{2018}{2019}>\frac{2018}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(\frac{2019}{2020}>\frac{2019}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2018}{2019}+\frac{2019}{2020}+\frac{2020}{2021}>\frac{2018+2019+2020}{2019+2020+2021}\)
hay \(M>N\)
Vậy \(M>N\)
Ta có : A = \(\frac{10^{2020}+1}{10^{2019}+1}\)
=> \(\frac{A}{10}=\frac{10^{2020}+1}{10^{2020}+10}=\frac{10^{2020}+10-9}{10^{2020}+10}=1-\frac{9}{10^{2020}+10}\)
Lại có : B = \(\frac{10^{2021}+1}{10^{2020}+1}\)
=> \(\frac{B}{10}=\frac{10^{2021}+1}{10^{2021}+10}=\frac{10^{2021}+10-9}{10^{2021}+10}=1-\frac{9}{10^{2021}+10}\)
Vì : \(\frac{9}{10^{2021}+10}< \frac{9}{10^{2020}+10}\Rightarrow1-\frac{9}{10^{2021}+10}>1-\frac{9}{10^{2020}+10}\Rightarrow\frac{B}{10}>\frac{A}{10}\Rightarrow B>A\)
Vậy B > A
N =2019+2020/2020+2021
=2019/2020+2021 + 2020/2020+2021
Ta có:
2019/2020>2019/2020+2021
2020/2021 > 2020/2020+2021
=>M>N