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\(u_n^2+2011=2u_n.u_{n+1}\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=\frac{u_n^2+2011}{2u_n}\)
Ta có \(u_1>0\), giả sử \(u_k>0\Rightarrow u_{k+1}=\frac{u_k^2+2011}{2u_k}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Dãy đã cho là dãy dương
Mặt khác \(u_{n+1}=\frac{1}{2}\left(u_n+\frac{2011}{u_n}\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{2011}=\sqrt{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow u_n\ge2011\) \(\forall n\ge1\Rightarrow\) dãy đã cho bị chặn dưới
Xét \(\frac{u_{n+1}}{u_n}=\frac{u_n^2+2011}{2u^2_n}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2011}{2u_n^2}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{2011}{2.2011}=1\) (do \(u_n\ge\sqrt{2011}\))
\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}\le u_n\) \(\Rightarrow\) dãy đã cho là dãy giảm
Dãy giảm, bị chặn dưới \(\Rightarrow\) dãy có giới hạn
Gọi giới hạn của dãy là \(a\Rightarrow\sqrt{2011}\le a\le u_1\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2a^2+2011=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2=2011\Rightarrow a=\sqrt{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=\sqrt{2011}\)
a/
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{4.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-2\right)n}+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=lim\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
b/ \(u_n=\dfrac{1}{1^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{2^2+6}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2+3n}=\dfrac{1}{1.4}+\dfrac{1}{2.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+3}\right)\)
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n+2}-\dfrac{1}{n+3}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=lim\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n+2}-\dfrac{1}{n+3}\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)=\dfrac{11}{18}\)
Đề không cho sẵn dãy tăng à? Vậy phải chứng minh nó tăng trước
\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{u_n^2+2018u_n+1}{2020}\)
\(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{u_n^2+2018u_n+1}{2020}-u_n=\dfrac{\left(u_n-1\right)^2}{2020}\ge0\) \(\Rightarrow\) dãy tăng và không bị chặn trên \(\Rightarrow lim\left(u_n\right)=+\infty\)
\(\Rightarrow2020u_{n+1}=u_n^2+2018u_n+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2020u_{n+1}-2020=u_n^2+2018u_n-2019\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2020\left(u_{n+1}-1\right)=\left(u_n+2019\right)\left(u_n-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2020\left(u_{n+1}-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(u_n+2019\right)\left(u_n-1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2020}\left(\dfrac{1}{u_n-1}-\dfrac{1}{u_n+2019}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_n+2019}=\dfrac{1}{u_n-1}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-1}\)
Thế n=1;2;...;n ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{u_1+2019}=\dfrac{1}{u_1-1}-\dfrac{1}{u_2-1}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{u_2+2019}=\dfrac{1}{u_2-1}-\dfrac{1}{u_3-1}\)
...
\(\dfrac{1}{u_n+2019}=\dfrac{1}{u_n-1}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-1}\)
Cộng vế: \(S_n=\dfrac{1}{u_n-1}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-1}=\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{\infty}=\dfrac{1}{2018}\)
Chọn A
Phương pháp: Tìm công thức số hạng tổng quát
Cách giải: Ta có:
u ( 1 ) = 1
u ( 2 ) = u ( 1 ) + u ( 1 ) = 2 u ( 1 ) + 1
u ( 3 ) = u ( 2 ) + u ( 1 ) = 3 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2
u ( 4 ) = u ( 3 ) + u ( 1 ) = 4 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2 + 3
. . .
u ( 2017 ) = u ( 2016 ) + u ( 1 ) = 2017 u ( 1 ) + 1 + 2 + 3 . . . + 2016
⇒ u ( 2017 ) = 1 + 2 + 3 . . . + 2016 + 2017 = 2035153
