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\(a.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=12\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)
ĐK xác định : x≠0 ; y≠0
Đặt ẩn phụ : a = \(\dfrac{1}{x}\) ; b = \(\dfrac{1}{y}\)
Thay vào (1) ta được :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a+b=12\\a+b=-3\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a=15\\a+b=-3\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=5\\b=-8\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{5}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {(\(\dfrac{1}{5};-\dfrac{1}{8}\))}
\(b.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\dfrac{1}{x}+2\dfrac{1}{y}=6\\2\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=3\end{matrix}\right.\) (2)
ĐK xác định : x≠0 ; y≠0
Đặt ẩn phụ : a = 1/x ; b = 1/y
Thay vào (2) ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+2b=6\\2a-b=3\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5a+2b=6\\4a-2b=6\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9a=12\\2a-b=3\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{4}{3}\\b=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {(\(\dfrac{3}{4};-3\) )}
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\dfrac{1}{x}-6\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐK xác định : x≠0 ; y ≠0
Áp dụng quy tác cộng đại số ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\dfrac{1}{x}-6\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\dfrac{1}{x}-6\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\3\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=15\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=-13\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{3}{13}\\x=\dfrac{3}{28}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {(\(\dfrac{3}{28};\dfrac{3}{13}\))}
d) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-4\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\2\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐK xác định : x≠0 ; y≠0
áp dụng quy tắc cộng đại số ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-4\dfrac{1}{y}=5\\2\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\dfrac{1}{x}-8\dfrac{1}{y}=10\\2\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-5\dfrac{1}{y}=9\\\dfrac{1}{x}-4\dfrac{1}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{5}{9}\\x=-\dfrac{5}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {(\(-\dfrac{5}{11};-\dfrac{5}{9}\))}
e) ĐK xác định x≠0 ; y≠0
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=4\\6\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=2\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=4\\18\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=6\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-17\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\\\dfrac{1}{x}-3\dfrac{1}{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\) <=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{17}{2}\\y=-\dfrac{17}{22}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S={(\(\dfrac{17}{2};-\dfrac{17}{22}\))}
a) ĐK xác định : x≠0;y≠0
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{6}{y}=9\\\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{6}{y}=7\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{7}{x}=16\\\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{6}{y}=7\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{7}{16}\\y=-\dfrac{42}{17}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {(\(\dfrac{7}{16};-\dfrac{42}{17}\))}
b) Đk xác định : x≠0;y≠0
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=14\\\dfrac{8}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=-8\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{13}{x}=6\\\dfrac{5}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=14\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{13}{6}\\y=\dfrac{13}{152}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S={(\(\dfrac{13}{6};\dfrac{13}{152}\))}
c) ĐK xác định : x≠0;y≠0
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{7}{y}=21\\-\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{5}{y}=-11\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{y}=10\\\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{7}{y}=21\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{5}\\x=-\dfrac{1}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S={(\(-\dfrac{1}{7};\dfrac{1}{5}\))}
d) ĐK xác định : x≠0;y≠0
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{9}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}=22\\\dfrac{5}{x}-\dfrac{2}{y}=13\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{14}{x}=35\\\dfrac{5}{x}-\dfrac{2}{y}=13\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{5}\\y=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S={(0,4;-4)}
e) ĐKXĐ : x≠0;y≠0
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=10\\-\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{7}{y}=8\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{2}{y}=18\\\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{5}{y}=10\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{9}\\x=\dfrac{3}{55}\end{matrix}\right.\) 'Vậy....
3a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=2\\\dfrac{2}{x-2}-\dfrac{3}{2y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (ĐK: x≠2;y≠\(\dfrac{1}{2}\))
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x-2}=a;\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=b\) (ĐK: a>0; b>0)
Hệ phương trình đã cho trở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\2a-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\2\left(2-b\right)-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\4-2b-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{7}{5}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Khi đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\left(x-2\right)=5\\3\left(2y-1\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7x-14=5\\6y-3=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{19}{7}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\\y=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất (x;y)=\(\left(\dfrac{19}{7};\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\)
b) Bạn làm tương tự như câu a kết quả là (x;y)=\(\left(\dfrac{12}{5};\dfrac{-14}{5}\right)\)
c)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{y}=13\\2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐK: x≥1;y≥0)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{y}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{x-1}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\sqrt{x-1}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}49\left(x-1\right)=169\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}49x-49=169\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{218}{49}\\y=\dfrac{4}{49}\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\)
Bài 4:
Theo đề, ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\left(3a-2\right)-2\left(2b+1\right)=30\\3\left(a+2\right)+2\left(3b-1\right)=-20\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>9a-6-4b-2=30 và 3a+6+6b-2=-20
=>9a-4b=38 và 3a+6b=-20+2-6=-24
=>a=2; b=-5
1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{2}{y}=2\\-\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{4}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{6}{y}=3\\\left|x-1\right|=2-\dfrac{2}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\\left|x-1\right|=2-\dfrac{2}{2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x\in\left\{2;0\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left|x-1\right|-\dfrac{5}{y-1}=-3\\\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{2}{y-1}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left|x-1\right|-\dfrac{5}{y-1}=-3\\2\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{4}{y-1}=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{9}{y-1}=-9\\\left|x-1\right|+\dfrac{2}{y-1}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\\left|x-1\right|=3-\dfrac{2}{2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\\x\in\left\{3;-1\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3: \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x-5}+\dfrac{12}{\sqrt{y}-2}=4\\\dfrac{2}{x-5}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}-2}=-9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{13}{\sqrt{y}-2}=13\\\dfrac{1}{x-5}=2-\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{y}-2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\\dfrac{1}{x-5}=2-\dfrac{6}{3-2}=2-\dfrac{6}{1}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=9\\x-5=-\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{19}{4}\\y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ sau :
Câu a :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\-x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...........................
Câu b :
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) . Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{1}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+3b=\dfrac{3}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=-\dfrac{7}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{7}{5}\\a=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{y}=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{7}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy..................
\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11y=2\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x+10.\dfrac{2}{11}=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x=\dfrac{46}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\x=\dfrac{23}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tất cả các hpt này đều giải bằng PP đặt ẩn phụ
a) \(\begin{cases}2\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)=4\\\left(x+y\right)+2\left(x-y\right)=5\end{cases}\)
Đặt \(x+y=a\) ; \(x-y=b\) ta được:
\(\begin{cases}2a+3b=4\\a+2b=5\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}2a+3b=4\\2a+4b=10\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}-b=-6\\2a+4b=10\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}b=6\\2a+4.6=10\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}a=-7\\b=6\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}x+y=6-7\\x-y=6-7\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}x-7=-1\\6-y=-1\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}x=6\\y=-7\end{cases}\)
Lúc khác mình làm tiếp mấy câu kia
Tiếp nào!
b) \(\begin{cases}\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=2\\\dfrac{4}{x}-\dfrac{5}{y}=3\end{cases}\) Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x}=a\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{y}=b\) ta được:
\(\begin{cases}3a-4b=2\\4a-5b=3\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}12a-16b=8\\12a-15b=9\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}-1b=-1\\12a-15b=9\end{cases}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}b=1\\a=2\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}a=2\\b=1\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}\dfrac{1}{a}=2\\\dfrac{1}{b}=1\end{cases}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\begin{cases}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=1\end{cases}\)
c) Làm tương tự thay \(\dfrac{1}{2x-y}=a\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}=b\)
Xí câu BĐT:
ta cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2b}\ge\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a^3}{b}.ab}=2a^2\)
tương tự ta có:\(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\ge2b^2;\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ac\ge2c^2\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương,cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
mà a2+b2+c2\(\ge ab+bc+ca\) ( chứng minh đầy đủ nhá)
do đó \(S=\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-ab+bc+ca=ab+bc+ca\)
suy ra BĐT ban đầu đúng
dấu = xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a=b=c.
P/s: cách khác :Áp dụng BĐT cauchy-schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(S\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Câu hệ này =))
b, Từ hệ đã cho ta thấy x,y > 0
Trừ vế cho vế pt (1) và (2) của hệ ta được:
\(x^4-y^4=4y-4x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=4\left(y-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\left(x-y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-y=0\) ( Vì \(\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4>0\) với x,y > 0)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Với x = y thay vào pt đầu của hệ ta được:
\(x^4-4x+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\) ( Vì \(x^2+2x+3>0\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Với x=1 suy ra y=1
Vậy hệ đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất (x;y) = (1;1)
Ta có:
\(a+b=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
<=> \(a=\dfrac{1}{6}-b\) (*)
Thay (*) vào phương trình 2 ta có:
\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-b\right)+2b=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{3}-2b+2b=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{2}{5}\) ( vô lí)
Vậy hệ phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn này vô nghiệm
hệ\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{1}{6}\\a+b=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)(vô lí)
\(\Rightarrow\)hệ vô nghiệm