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Bài 1:
a) \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}-1}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}-\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{2}-\frac{2\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)}{2}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}+1-\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)=2\)
b) \(\frac{2}{5-\sqrt{3}}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(5+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(5-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(5+\sqrt{3}\right)}+\frac{3\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(5+\sqrt{3}\right)}{2}+\frac{3\left(\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}\right)}{3}\)
\(=5+\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{3}=5+\sqrt{6}\)
c) ĐK: \(a\ge0;a\ne1\)
\(\left(1+\frac{a+\sqrt{a}}{1+\sqrt{a}}\right).\left(1-\frac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)+a\)
\(=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{1+\sqrt{a}}\right).\left(1-\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)+a\)
\(=\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)+a\)
\(=1-a+a=1\)
a) \(\sqrt{12}-3\sqrt{75}+0,5\sqrt{\left(-6\right)^2\cdot3}\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}-15\sqrt{3}+0,5\sqrt{108}\)
\(=-13\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{3}\)
\(=-10\sqrt{3}\)
b) \(3\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}-\sqrt{4+2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=3\left|\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right|-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)^2}\)
\(=3\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)-\left|\sqrt{3}+1\right|\)
\(=3\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}-1\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{2}-1\)
c) \(\left(\frac{2x+1}{x\sqrt{x}-1}-\frac{\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\right)\div\frac{1}{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(=\frac{2x+1-\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\div\frac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{2x+1-x+\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{x+\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\cdot\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2\)
\(=\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(đkxđ\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\\sqrt{x}-1\ne0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\\sqrt{x}\ne1\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge0\\x\ne1\end{cases}}}\)
\(M=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{6\sqrt{x}-4}{x-1}.\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x-1}+\frac{3\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{x-1}-\frac{6\sqrt{x}-4}{x-1}\)
\(=\frac{x+\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-3-6\sqrt{x}+4}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(b,M< \frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}< \frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{1}{2}< 0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1-\sqrt{x}-1}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}< 0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}< 0\)
Vì \(2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}-2>0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}>2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}>\sqrt{4}\Leftrightarrow x>4\)
\(M=\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{3}{\sqrt{x}+1}-\frac{6\sqrt{x}-4}{x-1}\left(x\ge0;x\ne1\right)\)
\(M=\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}+\frac{3\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}-\frac{6\sqrt{x}-4}{x-1}\)
\(M=\frac{x+\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{x}-3}{\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2-1^2}-\frac{6\sqrt{x}-4}{x-1}\)
\(M=\frac{x-2\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)
\(M=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{x-1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x\sqrt{x}-x-\sqrt{x}-2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(1-x^2\right)^2}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(1-x^2\right)\left(x-1\right)}{2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(1-x^2\right)}{2\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
Lời giải:
a)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1+\sqrt{3}+1}{(\sqrt{3}+1)(\sqrt{3}-1)}+2-\sqrt{3}=\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3-1}+2-\sqrt{3}=\sqrt{3}+2-\sqrt{3}=2\)
b)
\(B=\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}(\sqrt{x}-1)}\right):\frac{\sqrt{x}}{(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{x}+1}{\sqrt{x}.(\sqrt{x}-1)}.\frac{(\sqrt{x}-1)^2}{\sqrt{x}}=\frac{(\sqrt{x}-1)(\sqrt{x}+1)}{x}=\frac{x-1}{x}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x-1}\)
\(A=\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+1+x-2\sqrt{x}+1-3\sqrt{x}-1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2x-3\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2\sqrt{x}-1}{\sqrt{x}+1}\)
\(P=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}+\frac{x-10\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x^3}-1}\)
\(=\frac{2\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)+2\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)+x-10\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2x+2\sqrt{x}+2+2x-2+x-10\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{5x-8\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(5\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{5\sqrt{x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Với \(x\ge0;x\ne1\), ta có:
\(P=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-1}+\frac{2.\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}+\frac{x-10\sqrt{x}+3}{\sqrt{x^3}-1}\)
\(P=\frac{2.\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}+\frac{2.\left(\sqrt{x}+1\right).\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}+\frac{x-10\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{2x+2\sqrt{x}+2+2.\left(x-1\right)+x-10\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{3x-8\sqrt{x}+5+2x-2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{5x-\sqrt{8x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{5x-5\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}\)
\(P=\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(5\sqrt{x}-3\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right).\left(x+\sqrt{x}+1\right)}=\frac{5\sqrt{x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Vậy với \(x\ge0;x\ne1\) ta có: \(P=\frac{5\sqrt{x}-3}{x+\sqrt{x}+1}\)
Với \(x\ge0;x\ne1\)
\(B=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1-2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1-2\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)
\(B=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{x+2\sqrt{x}-3}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(B=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}-\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{3\sqrt{x}+1-2\sqrt{x}+2}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}\)
\(B=\frac{\sqrt{x}+3}{\left(\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-1}\)