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Ta có : \(\frac{a}{a+1}=\frac{a^2+a-a^2}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)}{a+1}-\frac{a^2}{a+1}=a-\frac{a^2}{a+1}\)
Tương tự và cộng theo vế ta được : \(P=a+b+c-\left(\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\right)\)
\(=1-\left(\frac{a^2}{a+1}+\frac{b^2}{b+1}+\frac{c^2}{c+1}\right)\ge1-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+3}=1-\frac{1}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)Vậy GTNN của P = 3/4 đạt được khi a=b=c=1/3
Ta CM BĐT \(a^2+b^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\)(do a2+b2=a+b)
\(\Rightarrow2\ge a+b\)
Ta có: \(S=\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}=2-\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{a+1+b+1}\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow S=2-\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a=b=1
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}=\frac{a^2}{ab}+\frac{b^2}{ab}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\ge2\)
Vậy Min A = 2 \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
*Tìm min:
\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{1}{1-a}-1+\dfrac{1}{1-b}-1\)
\(\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(1-a\right)+\left(1-b\right)}-2\)
\(=\dfrac{4}{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{4}\). Do đó minP=2/3
*Tìm max: \(a,b\ge0\)
\(P=\dfrac{a}{1-a}+\dfrac{b}{1-b}=\dfrac{a-ab+b-ab}{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{1-\left(a+b\right)+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-2ab}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+ab\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+ab}-2\le\dfrac{\dfrac{3}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}-2=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b\right)=\left(0;\dfrac{1}{2}\right),\left(\dfrac{1}{2};0\right)\)
Vậy maxP=1