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Practice Test 7

Time allowance: 50 minutes

I. Choose the correct words and write them on the lines. There is one example.

Police station         an engineer           claws              a graveyard          a candle             

A beak        reptile            a builder                a teammate           a fan

 

Example: You can go here for help if someone steals your money.                           Police station 

This gives light when it burns                     ____________

This is a place for burying the dead            ____________

A person who loves a team, a singer, a bank, etc _______

A group of animals that includes snakes and crocodiles __

This person helps to design new roads and bridges _____

The hard part of a bird’s mouth _________________

 

II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions

Jeans have become more popular in the US _______ the 1950s

A. for          B. in          C. since            D. during

 Linh: “Who _____ this lovely cat?”

Trang: “That woman ____”

A. is owning – is                   B. does own – does

C. owns – owns                     D. owns – does

If we go to Australia, we can practice speaking English with ______ speakers

A. nation     B. national    C. native                 D. natively

I’ve never _______ very well with my brother. We’ve got completely different personalities

A. got off     B. got on       C. got away            D. got up

The concert was short; ______, the student enjoyed it very much

A. but           B. however     C. because            D. although

Which material is got from animals and is used to make clothes?

 A. Silk        B Iron                C. Cotton             D. Wax

 

If you go ____ doing that, you’ll end _____ in serious troubles

A. up – with     B. on – up        C. off – with     D. out – up

Which of the following sets consists of only mammals?

A. Lions, hens and human being       

B. Lions, goats and whales

C. Tigers, sheep and crocodiles

D. Birds, butterflies and frogs

She’s got beautiful eyes, ______?

A. isn’t she        B. hasn’t she      C. is she          D. has she

Đề hơi dài, mong mng thông cảm!

3
23 tháng 1 2021

I. Choose the correct words and write them on the lines. There is one example.

Police station         an engineer           claws              a graveyard          a candle             

A beak        reptile            a builder                a teammate           a fan

 

ExampleYou can go here for help if someone steals your money.                           Police station 

This gives light when it burns  a candle             

This is a place for burying the dead      a graveyard         

A person who loves a team, a singer, a bank, etc a fan

 

A group of animals that includes snakes and crocodiles  reptile            

 

This person helps to design new roads and bridges an engineer 

The hard part of a bird’s mouth a beak

23 tháng 1 2021

 

II. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions

Jeans have become more popular in the US _______ the 1950s

A. for          B. in          C. since            D. during

Linh: “Who _____ this lovely cat?”

Trang: “That woman ____”

A. is owning – is                   B. does own – does

C. owns – owns                     D. owns – does

If we go to Australia, we can practice speaking English with ______ speakers

A. nation     B. national    C. native                 D. natively

I’ve never _______ very well with my brother. We’ve got completely different personalities

A. got off     B. got on       C. got away            D. got up

The concert was short; ______, the student enjoyed it very much

A. but           B. however     C. because            D. although

Which material is got from animals and is used to make clothes?

 A. Silk        B Iron                C. Cotton             D. Wax

 

If you go ____ doing that, you’ll end _____ in serious troubles

A. up – with     B. on – up        C. off – with     D. out – up

Which of the following sets consists of only mammals?

A. Lions, hens and human being       

B. Lions, goats and whales

C. Tigers, sheep and crocodiles

D. Birds, butterflies and frogs

She’s got beautiful eyes, ______?

A. isn’t she        B. hasn’t she      C. is she          D. has she

 

23 tháng 1 2021

Jeans have become more popular in the US _______ the 1950s

A. for          B. in          C. since            D. during

 Linh: “Who _____ this lovely cat?”

Trang: “That woman ____”

A. is owning – is                   B. does own – does

C. owns – owns                     D. owns – does

If we go to Australia, we can practice speaking English with ______ speakers

A. nation     B. national    C. native                 D. natively

23 tháng 1 2021

Jeans have become more popular in the US _______ the 1950s

A. for          B. in          C. since            D. during

 Linh: “Who _____ this lovely cat?”

Trang: “That woman ____”

A. is owning – is                   B. does own – does

C. owns – owns                     D. owns – does

If we go to Australia, we can practice speaking English with ______ speakers

A. nation     B. national    C. native                 D. natively

camon mng

Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. (4 Điểm) THem THeir THin THough 4.Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. (4 Điểm) weaTHer THrough THink sixTH 5.Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from...
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Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. (4 Điểm)

THem THeir THin THough 4.Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. (4 Điểm) weaTHer THrough THink sixTH 5.Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. (4 Điểm) birTHday alTHough anoTHer There 6.Choose letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that has the capital letters part pronounced differently from that of the others in each group. (4 Điểm) Sofa Summer Sugar Sound 7.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. He wants to get high marks in the final exam, ................. he is trying his best. (4 Điểm) but so and because 8.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. Ann doesn't come to my birthday party ................. it is raining heavily. (4 Điểm) so and because although 9.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. ................. she was lazy, she passed the exam last week. (4 Điểm) Because Although So When 10.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. How many TV ................. are there in Viet Nam? (4 Điểm) comedians channels remote control telephone 11.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. People in many countries in the world often wear their........clothes on the New Year's Day (4 Điểm) tradition traditional ordinary summer 12.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. I will ........my lucky money in my piggy bank. (4 Điểm) keep spend borrow give 13.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. We shouldn't play music..........after midnight (4 Điểm) careful right Cloud easy 14.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. How old will you ................... on your next birthday? (4 Điểm) be are am is 15.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. ..........is your favorite tennis player? – I don’t like tennis (4 Điểm) Where Who How often How long 16.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. .........pen is this? Can I borrow it? (4 Điểm) Whose Whom Who Which 17.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. ........ is a person who reads a report in the program. (4 Điểm) A weatherman A.comedian . A newsreader . A guest 18.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. We use a ...... to change the channels from a distance. (4 Điểm) remote control TV schedule newspaper volume button 19.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. The ...... I like best is Xuan Bac. (4 Điểm) comedy comedian . fun funny 20.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. Where are the children? They...... in the yard. (4 Điểm) play are playing is playing plays 21.Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D for each blank. For many people, film programme is a good source of _______ (4 Điểm) entertainer entertaining entertainment entertain 22.Find the mistakes . Where can we see that cartoon? – At 8.30. (4 Điểm) Where can see At 8.30 23.Find the mistakes . He likes cartoons so they are funny and colorful. (4 Điểm) likes so are funny and colorful 24.Give the correct form of the words. He wants to become a ....................... because he likes making people laugh. (comedy ) (4 Điểm) comedy comedies comedian comedians 25.Give the correct form of the words. Mr. Popeye is a ....................... character. I like him very much.( fun) (4 Điểm) funny the funer fun funnest 26.Give the correct form of the words. VTV1 is a ....................... television channel in Vietnam. (nation) (4 Điểm) nation national nationality nationing 27.Give the correct form of the words. What do you think about this TV show? – It is very .......................(entertain) (4 Điểm) entertaining entertainment entertain entertained
1
21 tháng 3 2020

Bn ơi,chia bớt ra cho dễ nhìn điTRẦN THÁI AN

"What usually happens to criminals? In the UK, when the police catch criminals. They go to court and then they usually go to prison. However in New Zealand they have a different system for young people who break the law, the system comes from the Maori people. They were the first inhabitants of New Zealand and they have ancient and respected traditions. They understand that crime hurts many people: the victim, the victim's family, the criminal's family and the criminal too. In Maori society,...
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"What usually happens to criminals? In the UK, when the police catch criminals. They go to court and then they usually go to prison. However in New Zealand they have a different system for young people who break the law, the system comes from the Maori people. They were the first inhabitants of New Zealand and they have ancient and respected traditions. They understand that crime hurts many people: the victim, the victim's family, the criminal's family and the criminal too. In Maori society, when a young person breaks the law, the community has a meeting, the people who are affected by the crime sit down together and talk about the situation. In this way, young criminals understand the effects of their actions. They have to meet the person who they have hurt. For example teenagers who have been in a fight have to face each other again and talk about the problem. In the meetings, families decide what the young offender must do in order to compensate their victims. One of the most important things that the offender has to do is apologise to the victim. This is a very difficult and uncomfortable thing for most young offenders to do. If a teenager steals something from a classmate, the community asks him or her to say sorry to the classmate, Most young people say this is the hardest thing to do. The Maori system helps young people to change their behaviour, it tries to bring something positive from a negative situation, and most of the time it succeeds."

Do you think the Maori system is a good idea? Why?/ Why not?

1
23 tháng 5 2017

Do you think the Maori system is a good idea? Why?/ Why not?

=> Yes , I do. Because it helps young people to change their behaviour, it tries to bring something positive from a negative situation, and most of the time it succeeds.

24 tháng 5 2017

Đúng ra phải có từ 50 -> 70 từ cơ.

Mình làm được 1 bài rồi nhưng muốn tham khảo thêm bài các bạn.

I think the Maori system is a good idea because it can educate young people without violence. That way won't give any bad memory to the youth. The youth will learn how to say sorry to other people. But some young wouldn't understand. They still think their actions are correct. Or because they don't afraid of saying sorry. They still do it after they have apologised. So I think Maori people should have a stricter system.

cóa ai rảnh chấm điểm bài lầy cho tui đc ko This travel guide is for people who want to visit Ha Long Bay, one of the seven natural wonders in the world. Ha Long Bay is located in Quang Ninh province which is in the north of Vietnam. It is 1000 km from Hanoi.You can go by car. You can also travel there in a coach or even in a helicopter on Saturday. The best season to visit Ha Long is in summer when the weather is warm and sunny. Ha Long Bay has many beautiful caves and islands;...
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cóa ai rảnh chấm điểm bài lầy cho tui đc ko

This travel guide is for people who want to visit Ha Long Bay, one of the seven natural wonders in the world. Ha Long Bay is located in Quang Ninh province which is in the north of Vietnam. It is 1000 km from Hanoi.You can go by car. You can also travel there in a coach or even in a helicopter on Saturday. The best season to visit Ha Long is in summer when the weather is warm and sunny. Ha Long Bay has many beautiful caves and islands; therefore, you must take a boat trip to enjoy the view here. You certainly must take pictures to remember the trip better, too. If you are an active person, you must do the water sports here like swimming, sailing, and windsurfing. One more thing, you must try the seafood here because it is incredibly fresh and delicious. With this travel guide, I hope that you will have a wonderful time here in the number one natural wonder of Vietnam.

3
28 tháng 11 2019

7 điểm nhé

28 tháng 11 2019

what sao 7đ

You should call the police when you believe a crime is about to be committed or has been comitted. Cops would much rather hear from people BEFORE the crime than after the crime. For example, if you see a person you don't recognize as a neighbor, in your neighborhood looking into parked cars, call the cops. We would rather try to catch him and identify him before he steals the car, rather than have to chase him (endangering lives) after he steals it.You should also call the cops about disturbing...
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You should call the police when you believe a crime is about to be committed or has been comitted. Cops would much rather hear from people BEFORE the crime than after the crime. For example, if you see a person you don't recognize as a neighbor, in your neighborhood looking into parked cars, call the cops. We would rather try to catch him and identify him before he steals the car, rather than have to chase him (endangering lives) after he steals it.

You should also call the cops about disturbing choices people make that can effect your quality of life. If someone puts their stereo on so loud it bothers you, you should go ask him to turn it down, and if he doesn't then call the cops. If there is a loud party next door and they keep waking you up, call the cops to make them turn down the noise or break up the party. Call in if you have drug dealing or prostitution in your neighborhood. You should not have to put up with that crap.

There are many ways to get your local cops to help you, that is what they are there for, you dont necessarily have to call. If it is an ongoing problem a letter or email to the chief will usually get the ball going. Or you can wave down an officer and tell them what the problem is, they are public servants that work for the citizens. A lot of serious crimes have been solved because a citizen passed along information to an officer.

DICH GIUM VOI 

0
I.   Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B or C) to each statement.Da Nang is one of the most peaceful cities in Viet Nam with a lot of beautiful beaches. This is a wonderful place for those who love seas and enjoy fresh air. Life here is not so busy as that in Ho Chi Minh City. It is not only a beautiful city but also a safe place to live in. Every evening, after work, you can easily catch the sight of families riding to the beach, leaving their motorbikes. They believe that their...
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I.   Read the passage and choose the best answer (A, B or C) to each statement.

Da Nang is one of the most peaceful cities in Viet Nam with a lot of beautiful beaches. This is a wonderful place for those who love seas and enjoy fresh air. Life here is not so busy as that in Ho Chi Minh City. It is not only a beautiful city but also a safe place to live in. Every evening, after work, you can easily catch the sight of families riding to the beach, leaving their motorbikes. They believe that their vehicles will still be there when they come back. There is no beggar here and the air is fresh. Another good thing is the food. If you love sea food, Da Nang will be the right choice. The food here is very fresh and the price is cheaper than that in Ho Chi Minh City.

1.Da Nang is a good place for sea lovers.

A.   Right                      B. Wrong                    C. Doesn‟t mention

2.The life in Da Nang is busier than that in Ho Chi Minh City.

A.   Right                      B. Wrong                    C. Doesn‟t mention

3. There are beautiful mountains in Da Nang.

A.   Right                      B. Wrong                    C. Doesn‟t mention

4.It is not expensive to buy seafood in Da Nang City.

A.   Right                      B. Wrong                    C. Doesn‟t mention

5.Da Nang is not only peaceful but also beautiful.

A.   Right                      B. Wrong                    C. Doesn‟t mention

II.   Read the passage and choose the best word (A, B or C) to put in each space.

Hoi An is one of the (1) ................. towns in Viet Nam. It (2) ................. on the lower section of the Thu Bon river. It is a very beautiful town with a s lot of colour (3) .................  which  are hung (4) ................. the town. Hoi An is famous for one-(5) ................. tailoring. Customers order

clothes (6) ................. the morning and get them in the (7) ................. . The price is not really  (8)

................. . If you want to find the place of the (9) ................. time, Hoi An is a (10) ................. choice.

 

 

1.       A. newer

2.       A. are

3.       A. lanterns

B. newest

B. is

B. stars

C. oldest

C. are being

C. balloons

4. A. on

B. around

C. up

5. A. month

B. week

C. day

6. A. at

B. in

C. on

7. A. night

B. afternoon

C. evening

8. A. expensive

B. cheap

C. more expensive

9. A. modern

B. old

C. new

10. A. best

B. worst

C. good

1
31 tháng 8 2021

Tham Khảo

I

1. A right

2. B wrong

3. C doesn't mention

4. A right

5. A right

II

1/ A newer B newest C oldest

2/ A are B is C are being

3/ A lanterns B stars C ballons

4/ A on B around C up

5/ A month B week C day

6/ A at B in C on

7/ A night B afternoon C evening

8/ A expensive B cheap C more expensive

9/ A modern B old C new

10/ A best B worst C good

3 tháng 12 2018

One of (1).....the ..... websites that has been very successful in recent years is eBay . On eBay , people things that belong (2)......to ... them and offer them for sale . Other people offer (3)..for......... amount of money and(4)....a........ person who offers the most money wins the item. They then pay (5)........for..... the item (6) ................ cheque or credit card . It is (7) ..........a......... simple idea , but it is become a very popular way of buying and selling . Even if you only have a (8) ........lot......................of money ,you can often find something you wnt on eBay . Most of the items are (9) ............................good condition, and eBay has a (10)..............lot.........of happy users

30 tháng 3 2020

Đề bài này mới đúng nha bạn.

One of (1).......... websites that have been very successful in recent years is eBay. On eBay, people things that belong (2)......... them and offer them for sale. Other people offer (3)........... amount of money and(4)............ person who offers the most money wins the item. They then pay (5)............. the item (6) ................ cheque or credit card. It is (7) ................... simple idea, but it becomes a very popular way of buying and selling. Even if you only have an (8) ..............................of money, you can often find something you want on eBay. Most of the items are (9) ............................good condition, and eBay has a (10).......................of happy users

Dịch:Some theories of the purpose of dreamsFreud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We...
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Dịch:

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit like a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, like language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses like hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in particular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this article has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Find the new words and translate it

5
1 tháng 2 2018

Một số lý thuyết về mục đích của những giấc mơ

Freud tin rằng chúng ta mơ ước để chúng ta có thể giải toả những ham muốn sâu, bí mật mà chúng ta không được phép diễn đạt trong cuộc sống thực bởi vì các quy tắc của xã hội lịch sự. Hầu hết mọi người đều biết về phân tích giấc mơ của Freud - giấc mơ về một con tàu đi vào đường hầm là một giấc mơ về quan hệ tình dục. Nhưng liệu đó có phải chỉ là một giấc mơ khi du hành trên tàu?

Một lý thuyết khác là những giấc mơ cho phép chúng ta giải quyết những vấn đề mà chúng ta không thể giải quyết trong cuộc sống thực. Chúng tôi đi ngủ với một vấn đề và thức dậy với câu trả lời. Đây có thể là một cách để "sử dụng" ước mơ của chúng ta hơn là một mục đích "của mơ ước. Nếu bạn tin rằng giấc mơ của bạn là quan trọng thì việc phân tích chúng có thể giúp bạn tập trung suy nghĩ về vấn đề và giúp bạn tìm ra giải pháp.

Hình ảnh hiện đại là giấc mơ là cách để làm sạch ổ cứng của máy tính, tổ chức các sự kiện trong ngày vào các thư mục và xóa các rác mà nó không muốn giữ. Nhưng tất cả chúng ta đều biết rằng rất ít những gì chúng tôi mơ ước mỗi tối liên quan đến những gì đã xảy ra với chúng tôi ngày hôm đó.

Một ý tưởng khác là giấc mơ là cách hành xử của não đối với hành vi mà chúng ta cần phải tồn tại. Vì vậy, chúng tôi mơ ước được bị đuổi bởi một con quái vật bởi vì một ngày nào đó có thể xảy ra! Nó giống như một nghệ sĩ piano thực hành quy mô của cô ấy mỗi ngày mặc dù cô ấy không cần sử dụng chúng vào lúc đó.

Những người khác tin rằng giấc mơ là cách não thực hiện các con đường giữa các tế bào não. Đây có thể là một yếu tố quan trọng tại sao chúng ta ngủ nhiều hơn là tại sao chúng ta mơ ước. Chúng ta chết nếu chúng ta không ngủ nhưng chúng ta có thể sống mà không mơ mộng. Một số bệnh nhân bị thương não mất khả năng mơ ước nhưng dường như không bị ảnh hưởng xấu.

REM và mơ ước

Các nhà khoa học từng nghĩ rằng giấc mơ chỉ xảy ra trong giấc ngủ Mắt nhanh (REM). Giấc ngủ REM là điều cần thiết cho tất cả các động vật có vú. Tất cả chúng ta trở nên cáu kỉnh và chán nản nếu không có nó. Nếu chúng ta không có đủ giấc ngủ đêm REM, chúng tôi sẽ đền bù bằng cách có thêm thời gian tiếp theo. REM được tạo ra bởi bộ não - phần lâu đời nhất và nguyên thủy nhất của bộ não. Vì vậy, các nhà khoa học từng tin rằng giấc mơ cũng là do hoạt động trong não. Bây giờ chúng ta biết rằng giấc mơ có thể xảy ra bất cứ lúc nào trong suốt giấc ngủ. Sự khác biệt duy nhất có thể là dễ nhớ hơn những giấc mơ xảy ra trong REM.

Trẻ sơ sinh có nhiều hoạt động REM hơn người lớn, nhưng nghiên cứu cho thấy họ mơ ước ít hơn. Điều này cũng có thể đúng với động vật. Chúng tôi biết rằng họ có hoạt động REM nhưng điều đó không có nghĩa là họ mơ ước.

Nó cũng có vẻ như là mơ ước là một kỹ năng phát triển khi bạn lớn lên, chẳng hạn như ngôn ngữ ví dụ. Ước mơ của trẻ nhỏ rất khác so với giấc mơ của những đứa trẻ lớn tuổi hơn và người lớn.

Nghiên cứu mới

Công nghệ hiện đại đã cho phép các nhà khoa học lập bản đồ các bộ phận của não hoạt động khi chúng ta mơ ước. Giun sơ khai rất năng động, nhưng cũng là những khu vực quan trọng khác ở phía trước của não. Đây là những thùy trán điều khiển cảm xúc, trí nhớ và kinh nghiệm đi qua các giác quan như nghe và nhìn. Nếu những khu vực này bị thương, người đó ngừng mơ. Mặt khác, các lĩnh vực kiểm soát suy nghĩ hợp lý, hợp lý không hoạt động chút nào. Điều này có thể giải thích tại sao những giấc mơ thật kỳ lạ. Họ không có trình tự hoặc thời gian hợp lý, điều này khiến họ rất khó giải thích cho người khác khi chúng tôi thức dậy. Giấc mơ kết hợp các sự kiện gần đây với những sự kiện trong quá khứ và cảm xúc của chúng ta trong khi chúng ta đang mơ ước thường rất mạnh.

Các nhà tâm lý học cũng đã thực hiện các nghiên cứu về những người giữ nhật ký trong một thời gian dài (đến 50 năm trong một số trường hợp) và nhận thấy rằng những gì chúng ta mơ ước có liên quan rất nhiều đến cách chúng ta suy nghĩ và hành xử khi chúng ta tỉnh táo. Vì vậy, một người hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm sẽ có những giấc mơ hướng ngoại, mạo hiểm. Một người nhút nhát sẽ là một người nhút nhát trong những giấc mơ của mình. Những người quan trọng đối với chúng ta thường có trong giấc mơ của chúng ta và những điều đó sẽ làm chúng ta lo lắng hoặc làm cho chúng ta hạnh phúc.

Vậy kết luận là gì?

Vâng, không ai thực sự biết. Nhưng các nhà khoa học hiện đang cho thấy những giấc mơ hoàn toàn không có mục đích. Khi chúng ta tỉnh dậy chúng ta đang 'suy nghĩ' mọi lúc. Một số suy nghĩ này là hữu ích và có một mục đích. Nhưng chúng ta thường chỉ "nghĩ" về không có gì đặc biệt trong khi chúng ta chờ xe buýt hoặc đi bộ để làm việc. Và đó là những gì mà bộ não đang làm khi chúng ta đang ngủ - chỉ cần suy nghĩ. Đôi khi nó thú vị và đôi khi nó là nhàm chán.

Làm nghiên cứu cho bài viết này đã làm tôi quan tâm nhiều hơn đến ước mơ của tôi chứ không phải là ít hơn. Tôi thậm chí có thể bắt đầu một nhật ký trong giấc mơ! Nhưng không có gì tôi đã đọc giải thích tại sao đôi khi tôi có một giấc mơ xấu hổ vì thấy mình đang đứng khỏa thân hoàn toàn tại bến xe buýt. May mắn thay, điều này đã không bao giờ xảy ra với tôi trong cuộc sống thực, và nó không phải là điều mà tôi nghĩ về khi tôi thức. Tôi được nói rằng đó là một ví dụ về 'giấc mơ phổ quát' - một giấc mơ phổ biến cho mọi người trên thế giới. Giấc mơ bay là một ví dụ khác. Vậy giải thích là gì? Chúng ta không thể chỉ "suy nghĩ" về cùng một điều, phải không?

1 tháng 2 2018

Some theories of the purpose of dreams

Freud believed that we dream so that we can release the deep, secret desires that we are not allowed to express in real life because of the rules of polite society. Most people know about Freudian dream analysis – a dream about a train going into a tunnel is a dream about sexual intercourse. But couldn’t it just be a dream about travelling on a train?

Another theory is that dreams allow us to solve problems that we can’t solve in real life. We go to sleep with a problem and wake up with the answer. This may be more of a way to ‘use’ our dreams than a ‘purpose’ of dreaming. If you believe that your dreams are important then analysing them may help you to focus your mind on the problem and help you to find the solution.

The modern image is that dreams are the brain’s way of cleaning up the computer’s hard disk, organizing the events of the day into folders and deleting the rubbish that it doesn’t want to keep. But we all know that very little of what we dream every night is concerned with what happened to us that day.

Another idea is that dreams are the brain’s way of practising the behaviour that we need to survive. So we dream about being chased by a monster because one day it might happen! It’s a bit a pianist practising her scales every day even though she doesn’t need to use them at that moment.

Others believe that dreaming is the brain’s way of exercising the pathways between the brain cells. This may be an important element in why we sleep rather than why we dream. We die if we don’t sleep but we can live without dreaming. Some patients with brain injuries lose the ability to dream but don’t seem to suffer any ill-effects.

REM and dreaming

Scientists used to think that dreaming only happened during Rapid Eye Movement sleep (REM). REM sleep is essential for all mammals. We all become irritable and depressed without it. If we don’t have enough REM one night, we will compensate by having more the next. REM is generated by the brainstem – the oldest and most primitive part of the brain. So scientists used to believe that dreaming was also caused by activity in the brainstem. We now know that dreaming can happen at any time during sleep. The only difference seems to be that it’s easier to remember dreams that happen during REM.

Babies have a lot more REM activity than adults, but research shows that they dream less. The same may be true of animals. We know that they have REM activity but that doesn’t mean they dream.

It also seems that dreaming is a skill that develops as you get older, language for example. Young children’s dreams are very different from older children’s or adult’s dreams.

New research

Modern technology has allowed scientists to map the parts of the brain that are active when we dream. The primitive brainstem is very active, but so are other important areas at the front of the brain. These are the frontal lobes that control emotion, memory, and experiences that come through the senses hearing and vision. If these areas are injured, the person stops dreaming. On the other hand, the areas that control rational, logical thought are not active at all. This could explain why dreams are so strange. They have no logical sequence or time, which makes them very difficult to explain to other people when we wake up. Dreams combine recent events with long past events and our emotions while we are dreaming are often very strong.

Psychologists have also done studies on people who kept dream diaries for long periods of time (up to fifty years in some cases) and have found that what we dream is very much connected with how we think and behave when we are awake. So an extrovert, adventurous person will have extrovert, adventurous dreams. A shy person will be a shy person in her dreams. People who are important to us will often be in our dreams and so will things that worry us or make us happy.

So what’s the conclusion?

Well, nobody really knows. But scientists are now suggesting that dreams have absolutely no purpose at all. When we are awake we are ‘thinking’ all the time. Some of this thinking is useful and has a purpose. But we often just ‘think’ about nothing in parular while we’re waiting for the bus or walking to work. And that’s what the brain is doing when we are asleep - just thinking. Sometimes it’s interesting and sometimes it’s boring.

Doing the research for this arle has made me more interested in my dreams rather than less. I might even start a dream diary! But nothing that I’ve read explains why I sometimes have an embarrassing dream about finding myself standing completely naked at a bus stop. Fortunately, this has never happened to me in real life, and it isn’t something that I think about when I’m awake. I’m told that it’s an example of a ‘universal dream’ – a dream that is common to people all over the world. Dreaming about flying is another example. So what’s the explanation? We can’t all be ‘just thinking’ about the same thing, can we?

Read the passage and do the tasks below: WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE?One of the most popular quiz programmes on television in the world is called Who Wants To Be AMillionaire?In Britain, the quiz master is Chris Tarrant. He asks the contestants fifteen questions. Thefirst questions are easy but laterthey are more difficult. If you can answer the fourteenth question, you can win £500,000. You can wina million pounds if you can answer the last question. Of course, the last question is very...
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Read the passage and do the tasks below:

WHO WANTS TO BE A MILLIONAIRE?One of the most popular quiz programmes on television in the world is called Who Wants To Be AMillionaire?In Britain, the quiz master is Chris Tarrant. He asks the contestants fifteen questions. Thefirst questions are easy but laterthey are more difficult. If you can answer the fourteenth question, you can win £500,000. You can wina million pounds if you can answer the last question. Of course, the last question is very difficult.All the questions on Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? are multiple-choice questions. After you hear thequestion, you see four answers. Only one answer is correct. You have to choose the correct answer. Ifyou don’t know the answer to a question, there are three ways you can get help: you can ask thequizmaster to take away two wrong answers: you can ask the studio audience which answer is right; or you can telephone a friend and ask for help. You can only do these things once. Very few people winthe million pounds. The first person won a millon pounds one year after the programme started.Today, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?can be seen in more than 100 countries and is now the world’smost popular quiz programme.

a. Find the words in the text with these meanings.

1. A TV programme where people answer questions. .................

2. The person who ask the questions. .................

3. The people who try to answer the questions. .................

4. The people who watch the programme in the studio. .................

b. Answer the questions.

1. Who is the quizmaster in Britain?

2. How many questions do you have to answer?

3. How much do you win for the fourteenth question?

4.How many ways can you get help?

5. In how many countries can you watch the quizshow?



1
19 tháng 2 2017

a,

1. A TV programme where people answer questions: quiz show.

2. The person who ask the qustions : MC.

3. The person who answers the questions : player.

4. The people who watch the programme in the studio : audience.

b,

1. The qizmaster in Britain is Chris Tarant.

2. You have to answer 15 questions.

3. If you cam answer the forteenth question, you win 500000 pounds.

4. There are three ways you can get help. They're you can ask the quizmaster to take way two ưởng answers, you can ask the audience which answer is right, or you can telephone your friends and ask for help.

5. You can watch the quizshow in over 100 questions.