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\(a,=2\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^2-y^2\right)=2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x-y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x+y\right)\\ b,=\dfrac{1}{3}x\left(y+3xz+3z\right)\\ c,=2x\left(9x^2-\dfrac{4}{25}\right)=2x\left(3x-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)\left(3x+\dfrac{2}{5}\right)\)
\(d,=x^2\left(\dfrac{2}{5}+5x+y\right)\\ e,=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4x^2y^2\right]\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)^2\\ f,=\left(3x-\dfrac{1}{2}y\right)\left(9x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}xy+\dfrac{1}{4}y^2\right)\\ g,=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\)
Bài 5: Đặt \(t=\dfrac{\left(x+y+1\right)^2}{xy+x+y}\)
Ta đã biết bđt quen thuộc là \(x^2+y^2+1\ge xy+x+y\)
Vậy nên ta sẽ chứng minh \(t\geq 3\)
Thật vậy: \(t\geq 3\Leftrightarrow 2(x+y+1)^2\geq 6(x+y+xy)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-y)^2+(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2\geq 0\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=1\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{8t}{9}+\left(\dfrac{t}{9}+\dfrac{1}{t}\right)\geq \dfrac{24}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(t=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=1\)
3)
x^2 = 2x + \(\sqrt{2x-1}\) \(\Rightarrow\) x^2 = ( 2x -1 ) + \(\sqrt{2x-1}\) +1
\(\Rightarrow\) x^2 = (\(\sqrt{2x-1}\) + 1)^2 chuyển vế rồi phân tích thành nhân tử là ok
\(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{2x^2+y^2}}{xy}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2y^2+z^2}}{yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2z^2+x^2}}{xz}\)
\(P=\sqrt{\dfrac{2x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2y^2+z^2}{y^2z^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2z^2+x^2}{x^2z^2}}\)
\(P=\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}}\)
\(P\ge\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{z}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}=3\)
3a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=2\\\dfrac{2}{x-2}-\dfrac{3}{2y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (ĐK: x≠2;y≠\(\dfrac{1}{2}\))
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x-2}=a;\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=b\) (ĐK: a>0; b>0)
Hệ phương trình đã cho trở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=2\\2a-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\2\left(2-b\right)-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\4-2b-3b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2-b\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{7}{5}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\\b=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Khi đó \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=\dfrac{3}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\left(x-2\right)=5\\3\left(2y-1\right)=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7x-14=5\\6y-3=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{19}{7}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\\y=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) Vậy hệ phương trình đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất (x;y)=\(\left(\dfrac{19}{7};\dfrac{4}{3}\right)\)
b) Bạn làm tương tự như câu a kết quả là (x;y)=\(\left(\dfrac{12}{5};\dfrac{-14}{5}\right)\)
c)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{y}=13\\2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐK: x≥1;y≥0)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{y}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}+4\sqrt{x-1}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}7\sqrt{x-1}=13\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}49\left(x-1\right)=169\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}49x-49=169\\\sqrt{y}=2\sqrt{x-1}-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{218}{49}\\y=\dfrac{4}{49}\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\text{Đ}K\right)\)
Bài 4:
Theo đề, ta có hệ:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\left(3a-2\right)-2\left(2b+1\right)=30\\3\left(a+2\right)+2\left(3b-1\right)=-20\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>9a-6-4b-2=30 và 3a+6+6b-2=-20
=>9a-4b=38 và 3a+6b=-20+2-6=-24
=>a=2; b=-5
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4xy\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5\left(x+y\right)=4\left(5y-5x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y=20y-20x\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x+5y-20y+20x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-15y+25x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\-5\left(3y-5x\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\3y-5x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-5x=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y-3y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y=xy\\5x=3y\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}+\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{5}{8}\\\dfrac{2}{2x-3y}-\dfrac{5}{3x+y}=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=a;\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=b\)
=> hpt <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\2a-5b+a+5b=\dfrac{-3}{8}+\dfrac{5}{8}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\3a=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=\dfrac{5}{8}\\a=\dfrac{1}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{12}\\b=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2x-3y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{1}{3x+y}=\dfrac{13}{120}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y=12\\3x+y=\dfrac{120}{13}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{516}{143}\\y=-\dfrac{228}{143}\end{matrix}\right.\)
câu b sai r
\(\dfrac{1}{3}xy+x^2z+xz=3x\left(\dfrac{1}{9}y+\dfrac{1}{3}xz+\dfrac{1}{3}z\right)\)
Lời giải:
a.
$=\frac{1}{2}(x^2-4y^2)=\frac{1}{2}[x^2-(2y)^2]=\frac{1}{2}(x-2y)(x+2y)$
b.
$=\frac{1}{3}x(y+3xz+3z)$
c.
$=\frac{2}{25}x(225x^2-4)=\frac{2}{25}(15x-2)(15x+2)$
d.
$=\frac{1}{5}x^2(2+25x+5y)$