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cho đa thức: M=a(b+c)2+b(a2+c2)+c(a2+b2)
a, CMR nếu b+c=0 thì M=0
b, phân tích đa thức M thành nhân tử
a) \(M=a\left(b+c\right)^2+b\left(a^2+c^2\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(M=a\left(b+c\right)^2+a^2b+c^2b+a^2c+b^2c\)
\(M=a\left(b+c\right)^2+a^2\left(b+c\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)\)
\(M=a.0^2+a^2.0+bc.0=0\left(đpcm\right)\)
b)\(M=a\left(b+c\right)^2+a^2\left(b+c\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)\)
\(M=\left(b+c\right)\left(ab+ac+a^2+bc\right)\)
\(M=\left(b+c\right)\left[a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(M=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Gọi P là biểu thức phải phân tích, ta có
P = a(b + c)^2(b - c) + b(c + a)^2(c - a) - c(a + b)^2[(b - c) + (c - a)]
= a(b + c)^2(b - c) + b(c + a)^2(c - a) - c(a + b)^2(b - c) - c(a + b)^2(c - a)
= [a(b + c)^2(b - c) - c(a + b)^2(b - c)]+ [b(c + a)^2(c - a) - c(a + b)^2(c - a)]
= (b - c)[a(b + c)^2 - c(a + b)^2] + (c - a)[b(c + a)^2 - c(a + b)^2]
= (b - c)(ab^2 + ac^2 - ca^2 - cb^2) + (c - a)(bc^2 + ba^2 - ca^2 - cb^2)
= (b - c)[ac(c - a) - b^2(c - a)] + (c - a)[a^2(b - c) - bc(b - c)]
= (b - c)(c - a)(ac - b^2) + (c - a)(b - c)(a^2 - bc)
= (b - c)(c - a)(ac - b^2 + a^2 - bc)
= (b - c)(c - a)[(a^2 - b^2) + (ac - bc)]
= (b - c)(c - a)[(a - b)(a + b) + c(a - b)]
= (b - c)(c - a)(a - b)(a + b + c)
= (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c).
Vậy P = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c).
a(b+c)2(b-c)+b(c+a)2(c-a)+c(a+b)2(a-b)
=(-a)c3-abc2+ab2c+ab3+bc3+abc2+(-a2)bc+(-a3)b+(-b3)c-ab2c+a2bc+a3c
=(b-a)c3+(a3-b3)c+ab3+(-a3)b
=(b-a)(c-a)(c-b)(c+b+a)
cách khác dễ hiểu hơn chỉ cần thay a,b,c =x,y,z
(x-y)3+(y-z)3+(z-x)3
=(x-y+y-z)[(x-y)2-(x-y)(y-z)+(y-z)2]+(z-x)3
=(x-z)[(x-y)2-(x-y)(y-z)+(y-z)2-(z-x)2]
=(x-z)[(x-y)(x-y-y+z)+(y-z+z-x)(y-z-z+x)]
=(x-z)(x-y)(x-2y+z-y+2z-x)
=3(x-z)(x-y)(z-y)
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)-\left(b+c\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)+\left(a+c\right)\left(c^2-a^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a+b-b-c\right)-\left(c^2-a^2\right)\left(b+c-c-a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a-c\right)-\left(c-a\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(b-a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a+b-c-a\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(x^2-y^2+4x+4\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+2+y\right)\left(x+2-y\right)\)
\(4x^2-y^2+8\left(y-2\right)\)
\(=4x^2-\left(y^2-8y+16\right)\)
\(=4x^2-\left(y-4\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x+y-4\right)\left(2x-y+4\right)\)
Biến đổi: (c-a) thành: -[(b-c)+(a-b)]
Thấy xuất hiện nhân tử chung r thì ... phân tích tiếp, ko khó lắm.
\(a\left(b+c\right)^2\left(b-c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)^2\left(c-a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)^2-b\left(c+a\right)^2\right]-\left(a-b\right)\left[b\left(c+a\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)^2\right]\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(ab^2+ac^2-bc^2-ba^2\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(bc^2+ba^2-ca^2-ab^2\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-ab\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a^2-bc\right)\)
\(=\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(c^2-ab-a^2+bc\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(a\left(b-c\right)^2+b\left(c-a\right)^2+c\left(a-b\right)^2+8abc\)
\(=a\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+b\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)+c\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+8abc\)
\(=ab^2-2abc+ac^2+bc^2-2abc+ba^2+ca^2-2abc+cb^2+8abc\)
\(=ab^2+ac^2+bc^2+ba^2+ca^2+cb^2+2abc\)
\(=\left(ac^2+bc^2\right)+\left(ab^2+ba^2\right)+\left(ca^2+cb^2+2abc\right)\)
\(=c^2\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a^2+b^2+2ab\right)\)
\(=c^2\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left[c^2+ab+c\left(a+b\right)\right]=\left(a+b\right)\left(c^2+ab+ca+bc\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(c^2+ca\right)+\left(ab+bc\right)\right]=\left(a+b\right)\left[c\left(c+a\right)+b\left(a+c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)