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I had to cancel the birthday party because my closest friend is seriously ill.
=> I had to cancel the birthday party because of my closet friend’s serious illness.
2. Hung will write an essay on the life of President Ho Chi Minh.
=> An essay on the life of President Ho Chi Minh will be written by Hung.
3. I regret not visiting my grandparents last weekend.
=> I wished I visited my grandparents the last weekend.
4. Although he came late he gained the highest result.
=> In spite of having come late, he gained the highest result.
5. We didn’t know that Lan had an accident, so we couldn’t visit her.
=> If we knew Lan had an accident, we could visit her.
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. It isn’t necessary to finish the work to day.
=> You don’t ……have to finish the work today.…………..
2. Sally finally managed to get a job.
=> Sally finally succeeded …in getting a job.…………….
3. That’s the last time I go to that restaurant.
=> I certainly………won’t go to that restaurant any more.……
4. “I advise you to take a holiday,” the doctor continued.
=> You’d ……better take a holiday.…..
5. If you don’t rest yourself you really will be ill.
=> Unless ………you rest yourself you really will be ill.………….
6. I should someone to take me out to dinner.
=> What I should …………like is being/ to be taken out to dinner.……..………..
7. Martin may not be very well but he still manages to enjoy life.
=> Martin’s poor ………..…health doesn’t / can’t prevent / stop him ( from ) enjoying life.……..
8. They’ll have to take the dog on holiday with them.
=> They can’t leave ……… their dog behind when they go/are on holiday.………..…….
9. My aunt got heavily stressed because her marriage broke up.
=> The break-up of the marriage…………made my aunt heavily stressed.…
10. I can’t believe that he passed the exam.
=> I find…………it hard to believe that he passed the exam.……………
Exercise 2: Rewrite the following sentences that keep the same meaning.
1. This is the fastest way to get to the city center.
=> There …………is no faster way than this to get to the city center........................
2. If anyone succeeds in solving the problems, it will probably be him.
=> He is the most ……ly person to succeed in solving the problems.........
3. We arrived too late to see the first film.
=> We didn’t …………arrive early enough to see the first film.............
4. “Would you mind not smoking in here?”
=> I’d rather …….you didn’t smoke in here.....
5. He wrote the letter in two hours.
=> It took ……......him 2 hours to write the letter..........
6. “Why don’t we go out for a walk?”
=> My father suggested …….we should go out for a while.…...........
7. In spite of his age, Mr. Benson runs 8 miles before breakfast.
=> Though ……..........Mr.Benson is old, He runs 8 miles before breakfast..
8. I was very interested in our conversation.
=> It was interesting .……....to talk to you........
9. Why did you do that ?
=> Whatever …….did you do that for ?.............?
10. These bookshelves are my own work.
=> I made ……these bookshelves myself.
change the following statements into reported speeh
1.My father is in hospital.=>jim said his father was in hospital
2.Nora and Jim are getting married next month.=>She said Nora and Jim were getting married the next month
3.I haven't seen Bill for a while.=>Tim said he hadn't seen BIll for a while
4.I've been playing tennis a lot recently.=>my father said he had been playing tennis a lot recently
5.Margaret has had a baby.=>she said margaret had had a baby
6.I don't know what Fred is doing.=>George said he didn’t know what Fred was doing
7.I hardly ever go out these days.=>he said he hardly ever went out those days
8.I work 14 hours a day.=>lan'brother said he worked 14 hours a day
9.I'll tel Jim I saw you.=>he said he would tell Jim he had seen me
10.you can come and stay with me if you are in london=>Bill said I could come and stay with him if I was in London
11.Tom had an accident last week but he wasn't injured.=>Joe said Tom had had an accident the previous week but he hadn’t been injured
12.I saw Jack at a party a few months ago and he seemed fine.=>Jone said he had seen Jack at a party a few months ago and he had seemed fine
13.I can't come to the party on Friday.=>binh said he couldn't come to the party on Friday
14.I want to go on holiday but I don't know where to go=>the girl said she wanted to go on holiday but she didn''t know where to go
15.We have a lift but very often it doesn't work.=>they said they had a lift but very often it didn't work
16.It isn't so rainy today as it was yesterday=>he remarked it wasn't so rainy today that day as it had been the previous day
17.the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.=>the teacher said that
the sun rose in the east and set in the west
Ex2:
1. he came to work in time spite of the heavy traffic
=> although...........THE TRAFFIC WAS HEAVY, HE CAME TO WORK IN TIME..............
2. they went to the beach in spite of the bad weather
=> although...........THE WEATHER WAS BAD, THEY WENT TO THE BEACH..............
3. inspite of being tired, he continued to work
=> although............HE WAS TIRED, HE CONTINUED TO WORK..........
4. inspite of her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm
=> although............SHE DIDN'T LIKE COFFEE, SHE DRANK IT TO KEEP HERSELF WARM..............
5. we took many pictures although the sky was cloudy
=> inspite of .............THE CLOUDY SKY, WE TOOK MANY PICTURES..................
6. his daughter insists to buy a computer although the price is high
=> DESPITE THE HIGH PRICE, HIS DAUGHTER INSISTS TO BUY A COMPUTER
I. Rewrite the following sentences
1. My father said I could use his car
=> My father allowed me to use his car
2. Scientist began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1980
=> Researches on AIDS began to be carried out in 1980 by scientist
3. That girl is very beautiful
=> How beautiful girl is !
4. The last time I wrote to him was in 1996
=> I haven't written to him since 1996.
5. It took him onl ten minutes to get there
=> He spent only ten minutes getting there.
6. I didn't meet him yesterday so I couldn't tell him about that
=> If I had met him yesterday, I could have told him about that.
7. Could you turn the radio down please?
=> Would you mind turning the radio down ?
8. The man was very tired, so he didn't answer my question
=> The man was too tired to answer my question.
9. Nobody could move the piano. It was too heavy
=> It was such a heavy piano that nobody could move it.
10. You'd better apologize to Sally
=> I advice you to apologize to Sally.
11. The last time I saw her was in 1985
=> I haven't seen her since 1985.
12. That meal was excellent
=> How excellent meal was!
13. That factory is producing more and more pollution
=> More and more pollution is being produced by that factory.
14. We must leave now or we'll miss the train
=> If we don't leave now, we'll miss the train
15. She is a faster and more careless driver than I am
=> She drives more fast and more carelessly than I do.
16. How old do you think this building is?
=> When do you think this building was built?
17. He is sorry now that he didn't invite Jane to his party
=> He wishes that he had invited Jane to his party.
18. This furniture is so old that it is not worth keeping
=> This is such so furniture that it is not worth keeping.
19. We spent five hours getting to London
=> It took us five hours to get to London.
20. When I arrived in London, I wrote a letter home
=> On my arrival to London, I wrote a letter home.
II. Rewrite these sentences as directed in parentheses
1. All the teachers love him because his behaviour is good
=> Because of his good behaviour, all the teachers love him.
2. He gave up his job because he was ill
=> Because of his illness, he gave up his job.
3. Because of the darkness, he couldn't read the letter
=> Because it was dark, he couldn't read the letter.
4. Mr. David no longer works here
=> No longer does Mr David work here.
5. I didn't have time. I didn't go shopping
=> If I had had time, I would have gone shopping.
6. They had converted the major part of the temple into ''Lenin's room''
=> The major part of the temple had been converted into ''Lenin's room''
7. I'm sorry that I didn't learnt to type
=> I wish I had learnt to type.
8. She has to quit smoking or she will die
=> If she doesn't quit smoking, she will die.
9. He spent a whole day repairing the radio
=> It took him a whole day repairing the radio.
10. More newspapers are being sold in this city
=> People are selling more newspapers in this city.
11. She sings more beautifully than you do
=> You don't sing as beautifully as she does.
12. You had to pay the bill before the fifth of the month
=> The bill had to be paid before the fifth of the month.
13. The tea was too hot for her to drink
=> The tea was so hot that she couldn't drink it.
14. If is doesn't rain, they will go for a picnic
=> Unless it rains, they will go for a picnic
15. The child will die it nobody sends for a doctor
=> Unless somebody sends for a doctor, the child will die.
16. I don't have enough money, so I can't buy a computer
=> If I had enough money , I could buy a computer.
17. If you don't rest yourself you will be ill
=> Unless you rest yourself, you will be ill.
18. It was such a crazy story that nobody belive it
=> The story was so crazy that nobody believe it.
19. They had such a good crop that they decided to give a party
=> Their crop was so good that they decided to give a party.
20. ''How long will it take us to get there?'' she said
=> She wanted to know how long it would take them to get there.
I:Rewrite the following sentences using "because of"instead of "because"
1.English is learned by millions of students because it is important
-> English is learned by millions of students because of its importance
2.We couldn't go out because the weather was not fine
->We couldn't go out because of the bad weather
3.These students arrived late because they had an accident
->These students arrived late because of an accident
4.M.r Baker and M.r Yamamoto can't understand each other because their languages are different
->.M.r Baker and M.r Yamamoto can't understand each other because of their different languages
5.Nick is often punished because he is lazy
->Nick is often punished because of his laziness
6.These persons live unhappily because they are very poor
->.These people live unhappily because of their poverty
7.All the students love the principal because he is very kind
->All the students love the principal because of his kindness
II:Rewrite the following sentences using "Because"instead of "Because OF"
1.We respected Mr.Lung because of his honesty
->We respected Mr.Lung because he is honest
2.My friend was absent because of his illness
->My friend was absent because he was ill
3.This boy is ignorant because of his laziness
->This boy is ignorant because he is lazy
4.Because of the invention of computers,puplis no longer spend much time in calculating
->.Because people invented the computers, puplis no longer spend much time in calculating
5.Because of my friend's absence.I have to coppy the lesson for him.
.->Because my friend is absent, I have to coppy the lesson for him.
6.Our guests aeeived late because of the bad weather.
->Our guests aeeived late because the weather was bad
7.I catch cold now because of going out in the rain yesterday
->..I catch cold now because i went out in the rain yesterday
III:Change clauses of concession to phrases:ALTHOUGH//THOUGH <<=>>DESPITE//IN SPITE OF
1.Lam didn't eat much though she was hungry
->lam didn't eat much despite her hunger
2.Trí couldn't solve the problem though he is good at maths
->.Trí couldn't solve the problem despite being good at maths
3.M.r Pike doesn't wear glasses though he is over sixty
->M.r Pike doesn't wear glasses in spite of his old age
4.Although he had much experience in machinery,he didn't succeed in repairing this machine
->in spite of his experience in machinery,he didn't succeed in repairing this machine
5.Although it got dark ,they continued to work
->despite the darkness, they continued to work
6.Although it was noisy ,Chou kept on studying
->in spite of the noise, Chou kept on studying
7.Although it rained heavily,I went to school on time
->despitethe heavy rain, ,I went to school on time
8.The flight was not delayed though it was foggy
->.the flight was not delayed despite the fog
9.Viet ate all the fruits though they were green
->.Viet ate all the fruits despite their green
10.We did the test well though it was difficullt
->We did the test well in spite of its difficulty
11.Although he is strong ,I'm not afraid of him
->despite his strength, I'm not afraid of him
12.Everybody has great regard for him though he is poor
->Everybody has great regard for him in spite of his poverty
13.The plane took off though the weather was bad
->The plane took off in spite of the bad weather
14.He didn't stop his car though the traffic lights turned red
-> He didn't stop his car despite the traffic lights' turning red
15.He studies hard though his life was hard at that time
-> He studies hard in spite of his hard life at that time
16.Although the streets are narrow ,many people drive cars in this city
->.despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in this city
17.Although his english was good,he wasn't chosen
->despite his good englush, he wasn't chosen
18.Although he's got an English name,he is in fact Vietnamese
->.in spite of his English name,he is in fact Vietnamese
19.He awlays studies hard though he encounters difficult
->He awlays studies hard despite encountering difficult
20.Although the weather is bad e are going to have a picnic,w
->in spite of the bad weather, we are going to have a picnic
21.Although he had not finished the paper,he went to sleep
->despite having not finished the paper,he went to sleep
22.She attended the class although she didn't feel alert.
-> She attended the class in spite of not feeling alert.
23.The child ate the cookies even though his mother had told him not to.
-> The child ate the cookies in spite of his mother's telling him not to
24.She drank coffee to keep herself warm although she disliked it
-> She drank coffee to keep herself warm despite disliking it
25.Mary will takes a plane even though she dislikes flying
->. Mary will takes a plane in spite of her disliking flying
26.Although Tram was sad,she managed to smile
->.despite Tram's sadness, she managed to smile
27.The old woman told interesting stories to the children although her memory was poor.
-> The old woman told interesting stories to the children in spite of her poor memory
28.Though he had been absent frequently ,he was managed tp pass the test
->in spite of his frequent absence ,he was managed tp pass the test
29.He ate the chocolate cake even though he was on diet
->. .He ate the chocolate cake in spite of his diet
30.Although the prices are high,my daughters insist on buying a new motorbike
->.despite the high prices, my daughters insist on buying a new motorbike
1. He last went to see his grandparents a month ago.
--> He has not seen his grandparents for a month.
2. They haven't visited Nga for half a year.
--> They last visited Nga half a year ago.
3. The last time T came here was 10 years ago
--> I haven't come here for 10 years.
4. The last time I saw Dick was in 1995.
--> I haven't seen Dick since 1995.
5. Mary has been working in this company for five years.
--> Mary began/started working in this company 5 years ago.
6. No sooner had we finished the test than the bell rang.
--> Hardly had we finished the test when the bell rang.
7. Hardly had they arrived at the airport when it began tp rain.
--> No sooner had they arrived at the airport than it began to rain.
8. I have never met a famous person before.
--> This is the first time I have met a famous person.
9. This is the first time she has seen this man here.
--> She has not seen this man here before.
10. This is the first birthday time she has attended such an enjoyable birthday party.
--> She has never attended such an enjoyable birthday party before.
11. They spent two hours doing these exercises at home.
--> It took them two hours to do these exercises at home.
12. If you don't have a rest, you really will be ill.
--> Unless you have a rest, you really will be ill.
13. You won't lose weight if you don't stop eating much.
--> Unless you stop eating much, you won't lose weight.
14. Unless he phones immediately, he won't get any information.
--> If he doesn't phone immediately, he won't get any information.
15.you can't visit London unless you get a visa.
--> If you don't get a visa, you can't visit London.
16. She works hard, so she earns a lot of money.
--> If she doesn't work hard, she won't earn a lot of money.
17. I didn't send her an invitation because I didn't findher address.
--> If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
18.We got lost because we didn't have a map.
--> If we had got a map, we wouldn't have got lost.
19. Without his help,we would all have died.
--> If it hadn't been for your help, we would all have died.
20. I would like to go fishing,but I don't have much time.
--> If I had much time, I would go fishing.
1. I had to cancel the birthday party because of my closet friend’s serious illness.
2. An essay on the life of President Ho Chi Minh will be written by Hung.
3. I wished I had visited my grandparents.
4. In spite of coming late, he gained the highest result.
5. If we had known that Lan had an accident, we would/could have visited her.
6. These magazines shouldn’t be left on the table. They should be put on this shelf.
7. The kidnappers threatened him if he didn’t pay the ransom, they would kill the boy.
8. It was such an interesting film that all we wanted to see again.
9. I would rather you delivered the sofa on Friday.
10.It’s the first time I have seen that man here.