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Ta có : \(b>0,d>0,\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( 1 )
\(\Rightarrow ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(d+b\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
Vì \(b>0,d>0,\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{c}{d}=ad< bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ad+cd< bc+cd\) ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+c}{b+d}< \frac{c}{d}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c+d}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d};\frac{b}{a+c+d}>\frac{b}{a+c+b+d};\frac{c}{b+c+d}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{a+b+c}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+c+b+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(\frac{a}{b+c+d}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}< \frac{a+c}{b+c+a+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{c+d+a}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{b}{b+c}< \frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{b+c+d}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{c}{b+c+d}< \frac{c+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{a+b+c}< 1\Rightarrow\frac{d}{a+b+c}< \frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{b+a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{c+d}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}< \frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow1< \frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}< 2\)
Vậy a,b,c,d>0 thì \(1< \frac{a}{b+c+d}+\frac{b}{c+d+a}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{a+b+c}< 2\left(đpcm\right)\)
Do a < b < c < d < m < n
=> 2c < c + d
m< n => 2m < m+ n
=> 2c + 2a +2m = 2 ( a + c + m) < a +b + c + d + m + n)
Do đó :
(a + c + m)/(a + b + c + d + m + n) < 1/2(đcpcm)
Từ:\(\hept{\begin{cases}a< c\\c< d\\m< n\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a+c+m< c+d+n\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+c+n\right)< a+b+c+d+m+n\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c+m}{a+b+c+d+m+n}< \frac{1}{2}\)
Theo quy tắc so sánh các phân số có cùng tử dương, ta có :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a}{a+c}\) (1)
\(\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+c+d}< \frac{b}{b+d}\) (2)
\(\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{c}{c+d+a}< \frac{c}{c+d}\) (3)
\(\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{d}{d+b}\) (4)
Cộng (1) ; (2) ; (3) ; (4) theo từng vế ta được :
\(1=\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}< \frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{b+c+d}+\frac{c}{c+d+a}+\frac{d}{d+a+b}< \frac{a+c}{a+c}+\frac{b+d}{b+d}=2\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}>\frac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{a+b+d}>\frac{b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{b+c+d}>\frac{c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{c+d+a}>\frac{d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+d}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{c+d+a}>\frac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}=1\) ( cộng theo vế 4 đẳng thức trên )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M>1\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Lại có : ( phần này áp dụng công thức \(\frac{a}{b}< \frac{a+m}{b+m}\) \(\left(\frac{a}{b}< 1;a,b,m\inℕ^∗\right)\) )
\(\frac{a}{a+b+c}< \frac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{b}{a+b+d}< \frac{b+c}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{c}{b+c+d}< \frac{c+a}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\frac{d}{c+d+a}< \frac{d+b}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M=\frac{a}{a+b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b+d}+\frac{c}{b+c+d}+\frac{d}{c+d+a}< \frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=2\) ( cộng theo vế 4 đẳng thức trên )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(M< 2\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra đpcm : \(1< M< 2\)
Vậy \(1< M< 2\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~