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Bài 2 :
b) \(\sqrt{x+2\sqrt{x-1}}+\sqrt{x-2\sqrt{x-1}}=2\) (1)
ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge1\)
Pt(1) tương đương :
\(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)+2\sqrt{x-1}+1}+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)-2\sqrt{x-1}+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+1+\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=2\) (*)
Xét \(x\ge2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-1\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=\sqrt{x-1}-1\)
Khi đó pt (*) trở thành :
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1+\sqrt{x-1}-1=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x-1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) ( Thỏa mãn )
Xét \(1\le x< 2\) thì \(x\ge2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-1< 0\)
Nên : \(\left|\sqrt{x-1}-1\right|=1-\sqrt{x-1}\). Khi đó pt (*) trở thành :
\(\sqrt{x-1}+1+1-\sqrt{x-1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2=2\) ( Luôn đúng )
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình đã cho là \(S=\left\{x|1\le x\le2\right\}\)
Bài 1 :
a) ĐKXĐ : \(-1\le a\le1\)
Ta có : \(Q=\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{1+a}}+\sqrt{1-a}\right):\left(\frac{3}{\sqrt{1-a^2}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{1-a}.\sqrt{1+a}}{\sqrt{1+a}}\right)\cdot\frac{\sqrt{1-a^2}}{3}\)
\(=\frac{3+\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}}{\sqrt{1+a}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{\left(1-a\right)\left(1+a\right)}}{3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3+\sqrt{1-a^2}\right).\sqrt{1-a}}{3}\)
Vậy \(Q=\frac{\left(3+\sqrt{1-a^2}\right).\sqrt{1-a}}{3}\) với \(-1\le a\le1\)
b) Với \(a=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ \(-1\le a\le1\)nên ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}1-a=1-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}=\frac{4-2\sqrt{3}}{4}=\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{2^2}\\1-a^2=1-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{1-a}=\sqrt{\frac{\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)^2}{2^2}}=\left|\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\right|=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}\\\sqrt{1-a^2}=\frac{1}{2}\end{cases}}\)
Do đó : \(Q=\frac{\left(3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2}}{3}=\frac{5\sqrt{3}-5}{12}\)
1/ \(\sqrt{2x-1+2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\sqrt{2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|\)
\(=\sqrt{2x-1}+1+1-\sqrt{2x-1}\)
\(=2\)
2/ ĐKXĐ: \(a^2-1\ge0\Rightarrow a^2\ge1\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge1\\a\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
3/ \(4\left|x\right|-\sqrt{\left(5x-1\right)^2}=4\left|x\right|-\left|5x-1\right|\)
\(=4x-\left(5x-1\right)=1-x\)
4/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\\sqrt{x}< \sqrt{7}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\x< 7\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow0\le x< 7\)
5/ \(M=\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2.3}+2}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right|=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\)
6/ \(\left|x\right|-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}=\left|x\right|-\left|x-1\right|=x-\left(x-1\right)=1\)
1.
\(\sqrt{2x+2\sqrt{2x-1}}+\sqrt{2x-2\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2x-1+2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}+\sqrt{2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|\sqrt{2x-1}+1\right|+\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|\)
\(=\sqrt{2x-1}+1+1-\sqrt{2x-1}=2\)
2.
\(\sqrt{a^2-1}\text{ xác định }\Leftrightarrow a^2-1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-1\ge0\\a+1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-1\le0\\a+1\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ge1\\a\le-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.
\(4\left|x\right|-\sqrt{1+25x^2-10x}\)
\(=4\left|x\right|-\sqrt{\left(5x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=4\left|x\right|-\left|5x-1\right|\)
\(=4x-5x+1=1-x\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
\(-\sqrt{x}>-\sqrt{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}< \sqrt{7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\text{ }x< 7\)
Vậy bât phương trình có nghiệm \(0\le x< 7\)
5.
\(\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{6}}=\sqrt{2-2\sqrt{2}.\sqrt{3}+3}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\)
6.
\(\left|x\right|-\sqrt{1-2x+x^2}\)
\(=\left|x\right|-\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|x\right|-\left|x-1\right|\)
\(=x-x+1=1\)
Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(5\sqrt{12}-\sqrt{45}-3\sqrt{48}+\sqrt{75}\)
\(=5\cdot2\cdot\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{15}-3\cdot\sqrt{3}\cdot4+5\sqrt{3}\)
\(=10\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{5}-12\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{3}\)
\(=3\sqrt{3}-3\sqrt{5}\)
b) Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{5-\sqrt{5}}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right)\left(\frac{5+\sqrt{5}}{1+\sqrt{5}}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{1-\sqrt{5}+5-\sqrt{5}}{1-\sqrt{5}}\right)\cdot\left(\frac{5+\sqrt{5}+1+\sqrt{5}}{1+\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{6-2\sqrt{5}}{1-\sqrt{5}}\cdot\frac{6+2\sqrt{5}}{1+\sqrt{5}}\)
\(=\frac{6^2-\left(2\sqrt{5}\right)^2}{1^2-\left(\sqrt{5}\right)^2}=\frac{36-20}{1-5}=\frac{16}{-4}=-4\)
2)
a) Ta có: \(P=x-\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}-2}+\frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}\right)\cdot\frac{x-4}{\sqrt{4x}}\)
\(=x-\left(\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}+\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\right)\cdot\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{2\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=x-\frac{x+2\sqrt{x}+x-2\sqrt{x}}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{2\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=x-\frac{2x}{2\sqrt{x}}\)
\(=x-\sqrt{x}\)
b) Ta có: \(x=7-\sqrt{48}\)
\(=\frac{14-2\sqrt{48}}{2}=\frac{8-2\cdot2\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{6}+6}{2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{6}\right)^2}{2}=\frac{\left[\sqrt{2}\cdot\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\right]^2}{2}\)
\(=\frac{2\cdot\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{2}=\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\)
Thay \(x=\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\) vào biểu thức \(P=x-\sqrt{x}\), ta được:
\(P=\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2-\sqrt{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}\)
\(=7-4\sqrt{3}-\left|2-\sqrt{3}\right|\)
\(=7-4\sqrt{3}-\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\)(Vì \(2>\sqrt{3}\))
\(=7-4\sqrt{3}-2+\sqrt{3}\)
\(=5-3\sqrt{3}\)
c) Ta có: \(P=x-\sqrt{x}\)
\(=x-2\cdot\sqrt{x}\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\ge-\frac{1}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{x}-\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\frac{1}{2}\)
hay \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)(nhận)
Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(P=x-\sqrt{x}\) là \(-\frac{1}{4}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
Bài 3: \(3\left(\sqrt{2x^2+1}-1\right)=x\left(1+3x+8\sqrt{2x^2+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3-8x\right)\sqrt{2x^2+1}=3x^2+x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3-8x\right)^2\left(2x^2+1\right)=\left(3x^2+x+3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow119x^4-102x^3+63x^2-54x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(7x-6\right)\left(17x^2+9\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=\frac{6}{7}\end{cases}}\)
Thử lại, ta nhận được \(x=0\)là nghiệm duy nhất của phương trình