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1,
\(\frac{a}{1+\frac{b}{a}}+\frac{b}{1+\frac{c}{b}}+\frac{c}{1+\frac{a}{c}}=\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2}{2}=1\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
3a) ta có \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}=a-\frac{ab}{a+b}>=a-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
vì \(a,b>0,a+b>=2\sqrt{ab}nên\frac{ab}{a+b}< =\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)
tương tự \(\frac{b^2}{b+c}=b-\frac{bc}{b+c}>=b-\frac{bc}{2\sqrt{bc}}=b-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\)
tương tự \(\frac{c^2}{c+a}=c-\frac{ca}{c+a}>=c-\frac{ca}{2\sqrt{ca}}=c-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\)
cộng từng vế BĐT ta được \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=a+b+c-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}=\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}\left(1\right)\)
giả sử \(\frac{2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}}{2}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
<=> \(2a+2b+2c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=a+b+c\)
<=> \(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ca}>=0\)
<=> \(2a+2b+2c-2\sqrt{ab}-2\sqrt{bc}-2\sqrt{ca}>=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2>=0\)
(đúng với mọi a,b,c >0) (2)
(1),(2)=> \(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{c+a}>=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Không làm mất tính tổng quát của bài toán, giả sử \(a\ge b\ge c\)(1)
Có \(\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{ac}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{bc}}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
Từ (1) => \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2}{a}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\\\frac{2}{b}\le\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\\\frac{2}{c}\le\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\\\sqrt{\frac{2}{b}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}\\\sqrt{\frac{2}{c}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}}\end{cases}}\)
=>\(\sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{c}}\le\sqrt{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
=>\(\sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{b}}+\sqrt{\frac{2}{c}}\le\sqrt{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{ac}}+\sqrt{\frac{b+c}{bc}}\)
Ta có đpcm
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{1-a}}=\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)(BĐT Cosi)
Tương tự \(\sqrt{\frac{b}{1-b}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c}\) và \(\sqrt{\frac{c}{1-c}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{1-a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{1-b}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{1-c}}\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b+c;b=a+c;c=a+b\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\) (KTM)
Vậy \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{1-a}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{1-b}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{1-c}}>2\)
Xét: \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d}}=\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c+d}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+d+a}}=\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{c+d+a}}=\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{c}{d+a+b}}=\frac{\sqrt{c}}{\sqrt{d+a+b}}=\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}}\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{d}{a+b+c}}=\frac{\sqrt{d}}{\sqrt{a+b+c}}=\frac{d}{\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}}+\frac{d}{\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 bộ số thực không âm
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}\le\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\\\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}\le\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\\\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}\le\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\\\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}\le\frac{a+b+c+d}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}}\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c+d}\\\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}}\ge\frac{2b}{a+b+c+d}\\\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}}\ge\frac{2c}{a+b+c+d}\\\frac{d}{\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}}\ge\frac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2a}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2b}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2c}{a+b+c+d}+\frac{2d}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c+d\right)}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b\left(c+d+a\right)}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c\left(d+a+b\right)}}+\frac{d}{\sqrt{d\left(a+b+c\right)}}\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{c+d+a}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{d+a+b}}+\sqrt{\frac{d}{a+b+c}}\ge2\) ( đpcm )
Lời giải:
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}.1\leq \left(\frac{\frac{b+c+d}{a}+1}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{b+c+d+a}{2a}\right)^2\)
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c+d}}\geq \frac{2a}{a+b+c+d}\). Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}=2\) (đpcm)
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