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\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)+2x\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2+2x\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4}x^2+2xy+4y^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x+2y\right)^2\)
\(=x^2+2x\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\left(\frac{\sqrt{23}}{2}i\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)\(-\left(\frac{\sqrt{23}}{2}i\right)^2\)
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{23}}{2}i\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\sqrt[]{23}}{2}i\right)\)
\(x^4+2002x^2-2001x+2002\)
\(=x^4+2002x^2+x-2002x+2002\)
\(=\left(x^4+x\right)+\left(2002x^2-2002x+2002\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^3+1\right)+2002\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+2002\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left[x\left(x+1\right)+2002\right]\)
\(=\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+2002\right)\)
\(x^4-5x^2y^2+4y^4\)
\(=\left(x^2\right)^2-2x^22y^2+\left(2y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2y^2\right)^2-\left(xy\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2y^2-xy\right)\left(x^2-2y^2+xy\right)\)
\(x^4-x^2+2x+2\)
\(=x^4-2x^3+2x^2+2x^3-4x^2+4x+x^2-2x+2\)
\(=\left(x^4-2x^3+2x^2\right)+\left(2x^3-4x^2+4x\right)+\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-2x+2\right)+2x\left(x^2-2x+2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(x^4-x^2+2x+2\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+2\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left[x^2\left(x-1\right)+2\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+2\right)\)