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a)(x+y)2-(x-y)2
=(x+y-x+y)(x+y+x-y)
=2y.2x=4xy
b)(3x+1)2-(x+1)2
=(3x+1-x-1)(3x+1+x+1)
=2x.(4x+2)
=4x(2x+1)
c) x3+y3+z3-3xyz
= (x+y)3- 3xy(x+y) +z3-3xyz
=(x+y+z)( x2+2xy+y2-xz-yz+z2)-3xy(x+y+z)
=(x+y+z)(x2+y2+z2-xy-xz-yz)
Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử :
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^3-a^3-b^3-c^3\)
b) \(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
c) Đặt \(A=\left(x^2+3x+1\right)\left(x^2+3x+2\right)-6\)
Đặt \(x^2+3x+1,5=a\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a-0,5\right)\left(a+0,5\right)-6\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^2-0,25-6\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^2-\frac{25}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a-\frac{5}{2}\right)\left(a+\frac{5}{2}\right)\)
Thay \(a=x^2+3x+0,5\)vào A ta có :
\(A=\left(x^2+3x+0,5-\frac{5}{2}\right)\left(x^2+3x+0,5+\frac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(A=\left(x^2+3x-2\right)\left(x^2+3x+3\right)\)
c, Đặt \(x^2+3x+2=a\)
Ta có : \(\left(a-1\right)a-6=a^2-a-6=\left(a^2-3a\right)+\left(2a-6\right)\)
\(=a\left(a-3\right)+2\left(a-3\right)\)
\(=\left(a+2\right)\left(a-3\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+3x+4\right)\left(x^2+3x-1\right)\)
Câu d làm tương tự .
Gợi ý : (x+3)(x+5) = x2 + 8x + 15
đặt bằng a rồi giải tiếp
a, \(=x^5+x^4+x^3-x^4-x^3-x^2+x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x^2\left(x^2+x+1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^3-x^2+1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-24\)
\(A=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+12\right)-24\)
Đặt \(x^2+7x+10=y\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=y.\left(y+2\right)-24\)
\(A=y^2+2y+1-25\)
\(A=\left(y+1\right)^2-5^2\)
\(A=\left(y+1-5\right)\left(y+1+5\right)\)
\(A=\left(y-4\right)\left(y+6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(A=\left[\left(x^2+x\right)+\left(6x+6\right)\right].\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(A=\left[x.\left(x+1\right)+6.\left(x+1\right)\right].\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(A=\left(x+1\right).\left(x+6\right).\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
Đặt \(B=\left(4x+1\right)\left(12x-1\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)-4\)
\(B=\left(12x^2+11x+2\right)\left(12x^2+11x-1\right)-4\)
Đặt \(12x^2+11x-1=a\)
\(\Rightarrow B=a.\left(a+3\right)-4\)
\(B=a^2+3a-4\)
\(B=\left(a^2-a\right)+\left(4a-4\right)\)
\(B=a.\left(a-1\right)+4.\left(a-1\right)\)
\(B=\left(a-1\right)\left(a+4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\left(12x^2+11x-2\right)\left(12x^2+11x+3\right)\)
a)\(a\left(b^3-c^3\right)+b\left(c^3-a^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\text{[}\left(b^3-c^3\right)+\left(a^3-b^3\right)\text{]}+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(a^3-b^3\right)+c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b^3-c^3\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)-\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(bc+c^2-a^2-ab\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
1 ) \(x^2+xy+x=x\left(x+1+y\right)\)
2 ) \(3x^2\left(x-1\right)+5x\left(1-x\right)=3x^2\left(x-1\right)-5x\left(x-1\right)=\left(3x^2-5x\right)\left(x-1\right)\)
3 ) \(2x\left(x+y\right)-3x-3y=2x\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)=\left(2x-3\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
4 ) \(x\left(x-y\right)+y\left(y-x\right)=x\left(x-y\right)-y\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\)
5 ) \(4x^2-36=4\left(x^2-9\right)=4\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\left(x+1\right)^2-3\left(x+13\right)=x^2+2x+1-3x-39\)
\(=x ^2-x-38\)
\(=x^2-2.\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{153}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\sqrt{\frac{153}{4}}^2\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}-\sqrt{\frac{153}{4}}\right)\left(x-\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{\frac{153}{4}}\right)\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1+\sqrt{153}}{2}\right)\left(x-\frac{1-\sqrt{153}}{2}\right)\)