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2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,3-----------------0,15-----0,15------0,15 mol
n KMnO4=\(\dfrac{47,4}{158}\)=0,3 mol
=>mcr=0,15.197.0,15.87=42,6g
=>VO2=0,15.22,4=3,36l
b) 4P+5O2-to>2P2O5
0,1--------------0,05
nP=\(\dfrac{3,1}{31}\)=0,1 mol
->O2 dư
=>m P2O5=0,05.142=7,1g
mKMnO4 = 47,4/158 = 0,3 (mol)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Mol: 0,3 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,15 ---> 0,15
m = 0,15 . 197 + 0,15 . 87 = 85,2 (g)
V = VO2 = 0,15 . 22,4 = 3,36 (l)
nP = 3,1/31 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5
LTL: 0,1/4 < 0,15/5 => O2 dư
nP2O5 = 0,1/2 = 0,05 (mol)
mP2O5 = 0,05 . 142 = 7,1 (g)
Ta có: \(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{K_2MnO_4}=n_{MnO_2}=n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_A=m_{K_2MnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=0,1.197+0,1.87=28,4\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\), ta được Fe dư.
Chất rắn B gồm: Fe3O4 và Fe dư.
⇒ mB = mFe3O4 + mFe (dư) = mFe + mO2 = 11,2 + 0,1.32 = 14,4 (g)
2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,14-------------0,07------0,07-------0,07 mol
n KMnO4=\(\dfrac{22,12}{158}\)=0,14 mol
=>a=mcr=0,07.197+0,07.87=23,82g
=>VO2=0,07.22,4=1,568l
b)
2Cu+O2-to>2CuO
0,07-----0,14
n Cu=\(\dfrac{10,24}{64}\)=0,16 mol
Cu dư :0,01 mol
m chất rắn =0,01.64+0,14.80=11,84g
Gọi số mol KClO3, KMnO4 trong mỗi phần là a, b (mol)
Phần 1:
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
mY = 122,5a + 158b - 0,1.32 = 122,5a + 158b - 3,2 (g)
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{O\left(Y\right)}=3a+4b-0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%O=\dfrac{16\left(3a+4b-0,2\right)}{122,5a+158b-3,2}.100\%=34,5\%\)
=> 5,7375a + 9,49b = 2,096 (1)
Phần 2:
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
a----------->a
2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
b------------>0,5b------>0,5b
=> 74,5a + 142b = 29,1 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.122,5}{0,2.122,5+0,1.158}.100\%=60,8\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.158}{0,2.122,5+0,1.158}.100\%=39,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{31,6}{158}=0,2mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1
a)\(V_{O_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24l\)
b)\(m_{CRắn}=m_{K_2MnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=0,1\cdot197+0,1\cdot87=28,4g\)
c)\(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
0,5 0,1 0 0
0,05 0,1 0,05 0,1
0,45 0 0,05 0,1
\(V_{CO_2}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12l\)
\(m_{H_2O}=0,1\cdot18=1,8g\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4--to-> K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
0,2----------------0,1---------0,1-----0,1
b, nKMnO4= \(\dfrac{31,6}{158}\)=0,2 mol
Theo pt: nO2=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\).0,2=0,1 mol
=> VO2= 0,1.22,4= 2,24 l
=>m cr=0,1.197+0,1.87=28,4g
CH4+2O2-to>CO2+2H2O
0,5-----0,25-----0,5
n CH4=\(\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}\)=0,5 mol
=>Oxi du
=>V CO2=0,25.22,4=5,6l
=>m H2O=0,5.18=9g
a) \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: S + O2 --to--> SO2
0,5<-0,5<------0,5
=> mS = 0,5.32 = 16(g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_S=\dfrac{16}{22,2}.100\%=72,07\%\\\%m_P=\dfrac{22,2-16}{22,2}.100\%=27,93\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_P=\dfrac{22,2-16}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,2-->0,25----->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,5<-------------------0,75
=> \(m_{KClO_3}=0,5.122,5=61,25\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH:
\(S+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)SO_2\\ 4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
- Chất khí mùi hắc là SO2
- Chất rắn sau phản ứng có m(g) là P2O5
Đặt: nS=a(mol); nP=b(mol) (a,b>0) (nguyên, dương)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}32a+31b=22,2\\22,4a=11,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_S=\dfrac{0,5.32}{22,2}.100\approx72,072\%\\\%m_P\approx100\%-72,072\%\approx27,928\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
\(n_{O_2}=a+\dfrac{5}{4}b=0,5+\dfrac{5}{4}.0,2=0,75\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,75.22,4=16,8\left(l\right)\)
c)
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2KCl+3O_2\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2.0,75}{3}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=122,5.0,5=61,25\left(g\right)\)
2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
1------------------0,5---------0,5----0,5 mol
n O2=\(\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}\)=0,5 mol
=>x =m KMnO4=1.158=158g
=>mA=m K2MnO4+mMnO2=0,5.197+0,5.87=142g
thanks