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a/ đk: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le\frac{-5-3\sqrt{5}}{10}\\x\ge\frac{-5+3\sqrt{5}}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\sqrt{3x^2+3x+2}=\sqrt{5x^2+5x-1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+x+1}+\sqrt{3\left(x^2+x+1\right)-1}=\sqrt{5\left(x^2+x+1\right)-6}\)
đặt\(x^2+x+1=t\left(t>0\right)\)
\(\sqrt{t}+\sqrt{3t-1}=\sqrt{5t-6}\)
bình phương 2 vế pt trở thành:
\(t+3t-1+2\sqrt{t\left(3t-1\right)}=5t-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{3t^2-t}=t-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t\ge5\\\left(2\sqrt{3t^2-t}\right)^2=\left(t-5\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t\ge5\\11t^2+6t-25=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t\ge5\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\frac{-3+2\sqrt{71}}{11}\\t=\frac{-3-2\sqrt{71}}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)=> không có gtri t nào t/m
vậy pt vô nghiệm
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a>0\)
\(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{3a-1}=\sqrt{5a-6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a-1+2\sqrt{3a^2-a}=5a-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{3a^2-a}=a-5\) (\(a\ge5\))
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(3a^2-a\right)=a^2-10a+25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow11a^2+6a-25=0\)
Nghiệm xấu quá, chắc bạn nhầm lẫn đâu đó
b/
Đặt \(x^2+x+1=a>0\)
\(\sqrt{a+3}+\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{2a+7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a+3+2\sqrt{a^2+3a}=2a+7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a^2+3a}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+3a-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+x+1=1\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x^2+3x+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-2\sqrt{x^2+3x+2}=1-2\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3x+2}=\sqrt{x^2-x+1}+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+2=x^2-x+1+1+2\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\4x^2=x^2-x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\3x^2+x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-1+\sqrt{13}}{6}\\x=\frac{-1-\sqrt{13}}{6}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: \(3x^2-7x+2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x^2-5x+7}=3-\sqrt{3x^2-7x+2}\) (1)
\(\Rightarrow3x^2-5x+7=9+3x^2-7x+2-6\sqrt{3x^2-7x+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2-x=3\sqrt{3x^2-7x+2}\) (\(x\le2\))
\(\Rightarrow\left(2-x\right)^2=9\left(3x^2-7x+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-4x+4=27x^2-63x+18\)
\(\Rightarrow26x^2-59x+14=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\frac{7}{26}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do bước biến đổi thứ 2 ko phải phép tương đương nên cần thay 2 nghiệm vào (1) để kiểm tra lại, bạn tự thay nhé
a) \(\sqrt{1+x}-\sqrt{8-x}+\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(8-x\right)}=3\)
đặt t \(=\sqrt{1+x}-\sqrt{8-x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2=1+x-2\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(8-x\right)}+8-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(8-x\right)}=\dfrac{9-t^2}{2}\)
pt \(\Rightarrow t+\dfrac{9-t^2}{2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-2t-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{1+x}-\sqrt{8-x}=-1\\\sqrt{1+x}-\sqrt{8+x}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
suy ra tìm đc x
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+1\right)-2x\sqrt{x^2+1}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1-2x\sqrt{x^2+1}+x^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+1}-x\right)^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+1}-x=2\\\sqrt{x^2+1}-x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+1}=x+2\left(x\ge-2\right)\\\sqrt{x^2+1}=x-2\left(x\ge2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+1=x^2+4x+4\\x^2+1=x^2-4x+4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\frac{3}{4}\\x=\frac{3}{4}< 2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x-1}+\sqrt{2x-3}=\sqrt{3x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x-4+2\sqrt{\left(5x-1\right)\left(2x-3\right)}=3x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{10x^2-17x+3}=1-2x\)
Do \(x\ge\frac{3}{2}\Rightarrow1-2x< 0\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(0\le x\le4\)
\(\left(x^2-4x\right)\sqrt{-x^2+4x}+x^2-4x+2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{-x^2+4x}=a\ge0\)
\(-a^2.a-a^2+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+a^2-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+2a+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a^2+2a+2=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{-x^2+4x}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+1=0\Rightarrow...\)
b/ \(x^4+2x^2+x\sqrt{2x^2+4}-4=0\)
Đặt \(x\sqrt{2x^2+4}=a\Rightarrow x^2\left(2x^2+4\right)=a^2\Rightarrow x^4+2x^2=\frac{a^2}{2}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{2}+a-4=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\sqrt{2x^2+4}=2\left(x>0\right)\\x\sqrt{2x^2+4}=-4\left(x< 0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^4+4x^2=4\\2x^4+4x^2=16\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=\sqrt{3}-1\\x^2=-\sqrt{3}-1\left(l\right)\\x^2=2\\x^2=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{\sqrt{3}-1}\\x=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{2x^2+3x-10}=a\Rightarrow2x^2+3x=a^3+10\)
\(a^3+10-14=2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-2a-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(a^2+2a+2\right)=0\Rightarrow a=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{2x^2+3x-10}=2\Rightarrow2x^2+3x-18=0\Rightarrow...\)
d/ \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(3x^2+x+4\right)+\sqrt[3]{3x^2+x+4}-18=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{3x^2+x+4}=a\)
\(2a^3+a-18=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2\right)\left(2a^2+4a+9\right)=0\Rightarrow a=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{3x^2+x+4}=2\Rightarrow3x^2+x-4=0\Rightarrow...\)
e/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+2-3\sqrt{x^2+5x+2}-2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+5x+2}=a\ge0\)
\(a^2-3a-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{3+\sqrt{17}}{2}\\a=\frac{3-\sqrt{17}}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+5x+2}=\frac{3+\sqrt{17}}{2}\Rightarrow x^2+5x-\frac{9+3\sqrt{17}}{2}=0\)
Bài cuối xấu quá, chắc nhầm số liệu
a/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x-2-2\sqrt[3]{x^2+5x-2}+4=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x^2+5x-2}=a\)
\(a^3-2a+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(a^2-2a+2\right)=0\Rightarrow a=-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{x^2+5x-2}=-2\Rightarrow x^2+5x+6=0\Rightarrow...\)
b/ ĐKXĐ:...
\(\Leftrightarrow-3\left(-x^2+4x+10\right)-5\sqrt{-x^2+4x+10}+42=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{-x^2+4x+10}=a\ge0\)
\(-3a^2-5a+42=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{14}{3}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+4x+10}=3\Rightarrow x^2-4x-1=0\Rightarrow...\)
c/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x+3\sqrt{x^2+3x}-10=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+3x}=a\ge0\)
\(a^2+3a-10=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\a=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+3x}=2\Rightarrow x^2+3x-4=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: \(-1\le x\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3-x+x^2}=1+\sqrt{2+x-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-x+x^2=3+x-x^2+2\sqrt{2+x-x^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2+x-x^2+\sqrt{2+x-x^2}-2=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=a\ge0\)
\(a^2+a-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-2\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2+x-x^2}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1=0\)
e/ \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}-1+\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-3x+2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\frac{x^2-3x+2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+6}+2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\)
a/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-5x-6\right)+\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}-3=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}=a\ge0\)
\(2a^2+a-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=-\frac{3}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-5x-6}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-5x-7=0\)
b/ ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow5\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}-2\left(3x^2-4x-2\right)+3=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}=a\ge0\)
\(-2a^2+5a+3=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3\\a=-\frac{1}{2}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x^2-4x-2}=3\Leftrightarrow3x^2-4x-11=0\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-6+\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=a>0\Rightarrow x^2+2x=\frac{a^2-3}{2}\)
\(\frac{a^2-3}{2}-6+a=0\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a-15=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-5\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+4x+3}=3\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x-6=0\)
d/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{3x-1}{x}}=a>0\)
\(2a=\frac{1}{a^2}+1\Leftrightarrow2a^3-a^2-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2a^2+a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{3x-1}{x}}=1\Leftrightarrow3x-1=x\)
e/ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=\frac{x}{6x-1}+1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=a>0\)
\(2a=\frac{1}{a^2}+1\Leftrightarrow2a^3-a^2-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(2a^2+a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{6x-1}{x}}=1\Rightarrow6x-1=x\)
f/ ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{x}{2x-1}}=a>0\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+1+a=3a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3-a^2-a-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(3a^2+2a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{x}{2x-1}}=1\Rightarrow x=2x-1\)
1/ \(3x^2+4x-3=4x\sqrt{4x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2-4x\sqrt{4x-3}+4x-3\right)-x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-\sqrt{4x-3}\right)^2-x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-\sqrt{4x-3}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{4x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}3x=\sqrt{4x-3}\\x=\sqrt{4x-3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}9x^2-4x+3=0\\x^2-4x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x+8}-\sqrt{3x+5}=\sqrt{5x-4}-\sqrt{5x-7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3x+8-5x+4}{\sqrt{3x+8}+\sqrt{5x+4}}-\frac{3x+5-5x+7}{\sqrt{3x+5}+\sqrt{5x+7}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(12-2x\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3x+8}+\sqrt{5x+4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3x+5}+\sqrt{5x+7}}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=6\)
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ:.........
PT \(\Leftrightarrow 3(x^2-x)+[(x+1)-\sqrt{3x+1}]+[(x+2)-\sqrt{5x+4}]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3(x^2-x)+\frac{x^2-x}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{x^2-x}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-x)\left[3+\frac{1}{x+1+\sqrt{3x+1}}+\frac{1}{x+2+\sqrt{5x+4}}\right]=0\)
Dễ thấy với $x\geq \frac{-1}{3}$ thì biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông luôn dương
$\Rightarrow x^2-x=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x(x-1)=0$
$\Rightarrow x=0$ hoặc $x=1$ (đều tm)