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(1) + rút y từ pt (2) thay vào pt (1), ta được pt bậc hai 1 ẩn x, dễ rồi, tìm x rồi suy ra y
(2) + (3)
+ pt nào có nhân tử chung thì đặt nhân tử chung (thật ra chỉ có pt (2) của câu 2 là có nhân từ chung)
+ trong hệ, thấy biểu thức nào giống nhau thì đặt cho nó 1 ẩn phụ
VD hệ phương trình 3: đặt a= x+y ; b= căn (x+1)
+ khi đó ta nhận được một hệ phương trình bậc nhất hai ẩn, giải hpt đó rồi suy ra x và y
a) ta có : \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}+\dfrac{6}{x+1}-4=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)+6\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+6x-6-4x^2+4=0\Leftrightarrow-3x^2+7x-2=0\)
ta có : \(\Delta=7^2-4\left(-3\right).\left(-2\right)=25>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) phương trình có 2 nghiệm phân biệt
\(x=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{-7+\sqrt{25}}{-6}=\dfrac{1}{3}\) ; \(x=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}=\dfrac{-7-\sqrt{25}}{-6}=2\)
vậy \(x=\dfrac{1}{3};x=2\)
câu b bn làm tương tự nha ; chỉ cần quy đồng rồi lấy tử bằng không là đc .
15
\(\dfrac{7}{x-2}\)+\(\dfrac{8}{x-5}\)=3 (x khác 2 khác 5)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)7*(x-5)+8(x-2)=3(x-2)(x-5)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)15x-51=3x^2-21x+30\(\Leftrightarrow\)3x^2-36x+81=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\begin{matrix}&\end{matrix}\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}9\\3\end{matrix}\right.\) tmđk
16\(\dfrac{x^2-3x+6}{x^2-9}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{x-3}\)(x khác +_3)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)x^2-3x+6=x+3
\(\Leftrightarrow\)x^2-4x+3=0\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3loại\\1\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy x=1 là nghiệm của pt
17 \(\dfrac{3}{x^2-4}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{x-2}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}\)
<=> x + 2 + x - 2 = 3
<=> 2x = 3
<=> x = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
a/ \(\left(x+3\right)\left(3\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2\left(x+3\right)^2\right)=5\left(x^2+1\right)^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2\left(x+3\right)^3-5\left(x^2+1\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)^2-3\left(x^2+1\right)^3+2\left(x+3\right)^3-2\left(x^2+1\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+1\right)^2\left(-x^2+x+2\right)+2\left(-x^2+x+2\right)\left(\left(x+3\right)^2+\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(-x^2+x+2\right)\left[3\left(x^2+1\right)^2+2\left(x+3+\dfrac{x^2+1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3\left(x^2+1\right)^2}{4}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2+x+2=0\) (phần ngoặc phía sau luôn dương)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ \(3\left(x^2+2x-1\right)^2-2\left(x^2+3x-1\right)^2+5\left(x^2+3x-1-\left(x^2+2x-1\right)\right)^2=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=x^2+2x-1\\b=x^2+3x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(3a^2-2b^2+5\left(b-a\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow8a^2+3b^2-10ab=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4a-3b\right)\left(2a-b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4a=3b\\2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4\left(x^2+2x-1\right)=3\left(x^2+3x-1\right)\\2\left(x^2+2x-1\right)=x^2+3x-1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-1=0\\x^2+x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^2}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{-4x^2+11x-2}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4+4x^2-11x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-7x+6=0\)
hay \(x\in\varnothing\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x^2+2\right)^2-5x\left(3x^2+2\right)=0\)
=>3x^2-5x+2=0
=>3x^2-3x-2x+2=0
=>(x-1)(3x-2)=0
=>x=2/3 hoặc x=1
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-3x+2\right)^2+\left(x^2+3x+2\right)^2}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{11\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)^2+\left(x^2+3x+2\right)^2-11\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)^2-6x\left(x^2+2\right)+9x^2+\left(x^2+2\right)^2+6x\left(x^2+2\right)+9x^2-11\left(x^4-5x^2+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+2\right)^2+18x^2-11x^4+55x^2-44=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^4+4x^2+4\right)-11x^4+73x^2-44=0\)
=>\(-9x^4+81x^2-36=0\)
=>9x^4-81x^2+36=0
=>x^4-9x^2+4=0
=>\(x^2=\dfrac{9\pm\sqrt{65}}{2}\)
=>\(x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{9\pm\sqrt{65}}{2}}\)
Giải hệ sau :
Câu a :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\2x+y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\-x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-3\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...........................
Câu b :
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=a\\\dfrac{1}{y}=b\end{matrix}\right.\) . Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=\dfrac{1}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a+3b=\dfrac{3}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=-\dfrac{7}{5}\\3a+4b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{7}{5}\\a=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{7}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{y}=-\dfrac{6}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{7}\\y=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy..................
\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+5y=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11y=2\\2x+10y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x+10.\dfrac{2}{11}=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\2x=\dfrac{46}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{2}{11}\\x=\dfrac{23}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne0;\pm1\)
\(\left(\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\right)\dfrac{1}{x}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+3x+2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{x-2}{x-1}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2-2x+1+5x-5+6}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{x-1-1}{x-1}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{5}{x-1}+\dfrac{6}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-1+\dfrac{1}{x-1}=2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{x-1}+\dfrac{3}{\left(x-1\right)^2}=x=x-1+1\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{x-1}=a\) phương trình trở thành:
\(3a+3a^2=\dfrac{1}{a}+1=\dfrac{a+1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a\left(a+1\right)-\dfrac{a+1}{a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(3a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\3a=\dfrac{1}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-1\\a=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\\a=\dfrac{-\sqrt{3}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-1}=-1\\\dfrac{1}{x-1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\\\dfrac{1}{x-1}=\dfrac{-\sqrt{3}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(l\right)\\x=1+\sqrt{3}\\x=1-\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)