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Bài 1:
a) (5x-4)(4x+6)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}5x-4=0\\4x+6=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}5x=4\\4x=-6\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{4}{5}\\y=\frac{-3}{2}\end{cases}}}\)
b) (x-5)(3-2x)(3x+4)=0
<=> x-5=0 hoặc 3-2x=0 hoặc 3x+4=0
<=> x=5 hoặc x=\(\frac{3}{2}\)hoặc x=\(\frac{-4}{3}\)
c) (2x+1)(x2+2)=0
=> 2x+1=0 (vì x2+2>0)
=> x=\(\frac{-1}{2}\)
bài 1:
a) (5x - 4)(4x + 6) = 0
<=> 5x - 4 = 0 hoặc 4x + 6 = 0
<=> 5x = 0 + 4 hoặc 4x = 0 - 6
<=> 5x = 4 hoặc 4x = -6
<=> x = 4/5 hoặc x = -6/4 = -3/2
b) (x - 5)(3 - 2x)(3x + 4) = 0
<=> x - 5 = 0 hoặc 3 - 2x = 0 hoặc 3x + 4 = 0
<=> x = 0 + 5 hoặc -2x = 0 - 3 hoặc 3x = 0 - 4
<=> x = 5 hoặc -2x = -3 hoặc 3x = -4
<=> x = 5 hoặc x = 3/2 hoặc x = 4/3
c) (2x + 1)(x^2 + 2) = 0
vì x^2 + 2 > 0 nên:
<=> 2x + 1 = 0
<=> 2x = 0 - 1
<=> 2x = -1
<=> x = -1/2
bài 2:
a) (2x + 7)^2 = 9(x + 2)^2
<=> 4x^2 + 28x + 49 = 9x^2 + 36x + 36
<=> 4x^2 + 28x + 49 - 9x^2 - 36x - 36 = 0
<=> -5x^2 - 8x + 13 = 0
<=> (-5x - 13)(x - 1) = 0
<=> 5x + 13 = 0 hoặc x - 1 = 0
<=> 5x = 0 - 13 hoặc x = 0 + 1
<=> 5x = -13 hoặc x = 1
<=> x = -13/5 hoặc x = 1
b) (x^2 - 1)(x + 2)(x - 3) = (x - 1)(x^2 - 4)(x + 5)
<=> x^4 - x^3 - 7x^2 + x + 6 = x^4 + 4x^3 - 9x^2 - 16x + 20
<=> x^4 - x^3 - 7x^2 + x + 6 - x^4 - 4x^3 + 9x^2 + 16x - 20 = 0
<=> -5x^3 - 2x^2 + 17x - 14 = 0
<=> (-x + 1)(x + 2)(5x - 7) = 0
<=> x - 1 = 0 hoặc x + 2 = 0 hoặc 5x - 7 = 0
<=> x = 0 + 1 hoặc x = 0 - 2 hoặc 5x = 0 + 7
<=> x = 1 hoặc x = -2 hoặc 5x = 7
<=> x = 1 hoặc x = -2 hoặc x = 7/5
a) \(2\left(x+5\right)-x^2-5x=0\)
\(2\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\left(2-x\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2-x=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)
b) \(2x^2+3x-5=0\)
\(2x^2-2x+5x-5=0\)
\(2x\left(x-1\right)+5\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x+5=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{-5}{2}\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
c) \(\left(x-1\right)^2+4\left(x+2\right)-\left(x^2-3\right)=0\)
\(x^2-2x+1+4x+8-x^2+3=0\)
\(2x+12=0\)
\(2x=-12\)
\(x=-6\)
a) \(2x+10-x^2-5x=0.\)
\(2\left(x+5\right)-x\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\left(x+5\right)\left(2-x\right)=0\)
\(x=-5:x=2\)
b)\(2x^2-5x+2x-5\)
\(x\left(2x-5\right)+\left(2x-5\right)=0\)
\(\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
vậy ?
c) \(x^2-2x+1+4x+8-x^2+3=0\)
\(\left(x^2-x^2\right)-\left(2x-4x\right)+\left(1+8+3\right)=0\)
\(2x+12=0\Rightarrow x=-6\)
a) 2x(x - 3) + 5(x - 3) = 0 ⇔ (x - 3)(2x + 5) = 0 ⇔ x - 3 = 0 hoặc 2x + 5 = 0
1) x - 3 = 0 ⇔ x = 3
2) 2x + 5 = 0 ⇔ 2x = -5 ⇔ x = -2,5
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {3;-2,5}
b) (x2 - 4) + (x - 2)(3 - 2x) = 0 ⇔ (x - 2)(x + 2) + (x - 2)(3 - 2x) = 0
⇔ (x - 2)(x + 2 + 3 - 2x) = 0 ⇔ (x - 2)(-x + 5) = 0 ⇔ x - 2 = 0 hoặc -x + 5 = 0
1) x - 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2
2) -x + 5 = 0 ⇔ x = 5
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {2;5}
c) x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1 = 0 ⇔ (x – 1)3 = 0 ⇔ x = 1.
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là x = 1
d) x(2x - 7) - 4x + 14 = 0 ⇔ x(2x - 7) - 2(2x - 7) = 0
⇔ (x - 2)(2x - 7) = 0 ⇔ x - 2 = 0 hoặc 2x - 7 = 0
1) x - 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2
2) 2x - 7 = 0 ⇔ 2x = 7 ⇔ x = 72
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {2;72}
e) (2x – 5)2 – (x + 2)2 = 0 ⇔ (2x - 5 - x - 2)(2x - 5 + x + 2) = 0
⇔ (x - 7)(3x - 3) = 0 ⇔ x - 7 = 0 hoặc 3x - 3 = 0
1) x - 7 = 0 ⇔ x = 7
2) 3x - 3 = 0 ⇔ 3x = 3 ⇔ x = 1
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình là: S= { 7; 1}
f) x2 – x – (3x - 3) = 0 ⇔ x2 – x – 3x + 3 = 0
⇔ x(x - 1) - 3(x - 1) = 0 ⇔ (x - 3)(x - 1) = 0
⇔ x = 3 hoặc x = 1
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {1;3}
a) Ta có : 5x2 - 4(x2 - 2x + 1) - 5 = 0
<=> 5x2 - 4x2 + 8x - 4 - 5 = 0
<=> x2 + 8x - 9 = 0
<=> x2 - x + 9x - 9 = 0
<=> x(x - 1) + 9(x - 1) = 0
<=> (x + 9) (x - 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+9=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-9\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
a) 2x(x - 3) + 5(x - 3) = 0 ⇔ (x - 3)(2x + 5) = 0 ⇔ x - 3 = 0 hoặc 2x + 5 = 0
1) x - 3 = 0 ⇔ x = 3
2) 2x + 5 = 0 ⇔ 2x = -5 ⇔ x = -2,5
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {3;-2,5}
b) (x2 - 4) + (x - 2)(3 - 2x) = 0 ⇔ (x - 2)(x + 2) + (x - 2)(3 - 2x) = 0
⇔ (x - 2)(x + 2 + 3 - 2x) = 0 ⇔ (x - 2)(-x + 5) = 0 ⇔ x - 2 = 0 hoặc -x + 5 = 0
1) x - 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2
2) -x + 5 = 0 ⇔ x = 5
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {2;5}
c) x3 – 3x2 + 3x – 1 = 0 ⇔ (x – 1)3 = 0 ⇔ x = 1.
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là x = 1
d) x(2x - 7) - 4x + 14 = 0 ⇔ x(2x - 7) - 2(2x - 7) = 0
⇔ (x - 2)(2x - 7) = 0 ⇔ x - 2 = 0 hoặc 2x - 7 = 0
1) x - 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2
2) 2x - 7 = 0 ⇔ 2x = 7 ⇔ x = 72
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {2;72}
e) (2x – 5)2 – (x + 2)2 = 0 ⇔ (2x - 5 - x - 2)(2x - 5 + x + 2) = 0
⇔ (x - 7)(3x - 3) = 0 ⇔ x - 7 = 0 hoặc 3x - 3 = 0
1) x - 7 = 0 ⇔ x = 7
2) 3x - 3 = 0 ⇔ 3x = 3 ⇔ x = 1
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình là: S= { 7; 1}
f) x2 – x – (3x - 3) = 0 ⇔ x2 – x – 3x + 3 = 0
⇔ x(x - 1) - 3(x - 1) = 0 ⇔ (x - 3)(x - 1) = 0
⇔ x = 3 hoặc x = 1
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình là S = {1;3}
a) ( 2x - 1 )( 2x + 1 ) - ( x - 1 )2 = 3x( x - 2 )
<=> 4x2 - 1 - ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) - 3x( x - 2 ) = 0
<=> 4x2 - 1 - x2 + 2x - 1 - 3x2 + 6x = 0
<=> 8x - 2 = 0
<=> x = 1/4
Vậy phương trình có 1 nghiệm x = 1/4
b) ( 4x - 3 )( 3x + 2 ) = 2( 3x - 1 )( 2x + 5 )
<=> 12x2 - x - 6 - 2( 6x2 + 13x - 5 ) = 0
<=> 12x2 - x - 6 - 12x2 - 26x + 10 = 0
<=> -27x + 4 = 0
<=> x = 4/27
Vậy phương trình có 1 nghiệm x = 4/27
c) ( x - 1 )( x2 + x + 1 ) - 5( 2x - 3 ) = x( x2 - 3 )
<=> x3 - 1 - 10x + 15 - x( x2 - 3 ) = 0
<=> x3 + 14 - 10x - x3 + 3x = 0
<=> -7x + 14 = 0
<=> x = 2
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm x = 2
d) \(\frac{3x-2}{4}-\frac{x+4}{3}=\frac{1+x}{12}\)
<=> \(\frac{3x}{4}-\frac{2}{4}-\frac{x}{3}-\frac{4}{3}=\frac{1}{12}+\frac{x}{12}\)
<=> \(\frac{3}{4}x-\frac{1}{3}x-\frac{1}{12}x=\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{4}{3}\)
<=> \(x\left(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{12}\right)=\frac{23}{12}\)
<=> \(x\cdot\frac{1}{3}=\frac{23}{12}\)
<=> x = 23/4
Vậy phương trình có 1 nghiệm x = 23/4
Bài 1:
a) 5(x-3)-4=2(x-1)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x-15-4=2x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x-19-2x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-17=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=17\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{17}{3}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{17}{3}\)
b) 5-(6-x)=4(3-2x)
\(\Leftrightarrow5-6+x=12-8x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1+x-12+8x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-13+9x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x=13\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{13}{9}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{13}{9}\)
c) (3x+5)(2x+1)=(6x-2)(x-3)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2+3x+10x+5=6x^2-18x-2x+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2+13x+5=6x^2-20x+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2+13x+5-6x^2+20x-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow33x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow33x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{33}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{1}{33}\)
d) \(\left(x+2\right)^2+2\left(x-4\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4+2x-8=x^2-2x-4x+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+6x-4=x^2-6x+8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+6x-4-x^2+6x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow12x-12=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy:x=1
Bài 2:
a)\(\frac{x}{3}-\frac{5x}{6}-\frac{15x}{12}=\frac{x}{4}-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{3}-\frac{5x}{6}-\frac{5x}{4}-\frac{x}{4}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4x}{12}-\frac{10x}{12}-\frac{15x}{12}-\frac{3x}{12}+\frac{60}{12}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-10x-15x-3x+60=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-24x+60=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-24x=-60\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{5}{2}\)
b) \(\frac{8x-3}{4}-\frac{3x-2}{2}=\frac{2x-1}{2}+\frac{x+3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{8x-3}{4}-\frac{3x-2}{2}-\frac{2x-1}{2}-\frac{x+3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{8x-3}{4}-\frac{2\left(3x-2\right)}{4}-\frac{2\left(2x-1\right)}{4}-\frac{x+3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x-3-2\left(3x-2\right)-2\left(2x-1\right)-\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x-3-6x+4-4x+2-x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-3x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
Vậy: x=0
c) \(\frac{x-1}{2}-\frac{x+1}{15}-\frac{2x-13}{6}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{15\left(x-1\right)}{30}-\frac{2\left(x+1\right)}{30}-\frac{5\left(2x-13\right)}{30}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15\left(x-1\right)-2\left(x+1\right)-5\left(2x-13\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow15x-15-2x-2-10x+65=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+48=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x=-48\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-16\)
Vậy: x=-16
d) \(\frac{3\left(3-x\right)}{8}+\frac{2\left(5-x\right)}{3}=\frac{1-x}{2}-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3\left(3-x\right)}{8}+\frac{2\left(5-x\right)}{3}-\frac{1-x}{2}+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9\left(3-x\right)}{24}+\frac{16\left(5-x\right)}{24}-\frac{12\left(1-x\right)}{24}+\frac{48}{24}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(3-x\right)+16\left(5-x\right)-12\left(1-x\right)+48=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow27-9x+80-16x-12+12x+48=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-13x+143=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-13x=-143\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=11\)
Vậy: x=11
e) \(\frac{3\left(5x-2\right)}{4}-2=\frac{7x}{3}-5\left(x-7\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{3\left(5x-2\right)}{4}-2-\frac{7x}{3}+5\left(x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9\left(5x-2\right)}{12}-\frac{24}{12}-\frac{28x}{12}+\frac{60\left(x-7\right)}{12}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(5x-2\right)-24-28x+60\left(x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow45x-18-24-28x+60x-420=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow77x-462=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow77x=462\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=6\)
Vậy:x=6
Bài 3:
a) \(\left(5x-4\right)\left(4x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5x-4\right)\cdot2\cdot\left(2x+3\right)=0\)
Vì \(2\ne0\)
nên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x-4=0\\2x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}5x=4\\2x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{4}{5}\\x=\frac{-3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{\frac{4}{5};-\frac{3}{2}\right\}\)
b) \(\left(x-5\right)\left(3-2x\right)\left(3x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-5=0\\3-2x=0\\3x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\2x=3\\3x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=\frac{3}{2}\\x=\frac{-4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{5;\frac{3}{2};\frac{-4}{3}\right\}\)
c) \(\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2\right)=0\)(1)
Ta có: \(x^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2\ge2\ne0\forall x\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(2x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
d) \(\left(8x-4\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)=0\)
Ta có: \(x^2+2x+2=x^2+2x+1+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+1\)
Ta lại có \(\left(x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+1\ge1\ne0\forall x\)(3)
Ta có: \(4\ne0\)(4)
Từ (3) và (4) suy ra
2x-1=0
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy: \(x=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 4:
a) \(\left(x-2\right)\left(2x+3\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+3x-4x-6=x^2-2x-x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-6=x^2-3x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-6-x^2+3x-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-3^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1-3\right)\left(x+1+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{2;-4\right\}\)
b) \(\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-4\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(4-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-4\right)-\left(x-5\right)\left(4-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+5\right)\left(x-4\right)+\left(x-5\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(2x+5+x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\cdot3x=0\)
Vì \(3\ne0\)
nên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{0;4\right\}\)
c) \(9x^2-1=\left(3x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)-\left(3x+1\right)\left(2x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)\left[\left(3x-1\right)-\left(2x-3\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)\left(3x-1-2x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+1=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=-1\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-1}{3}\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{-\frac{1}{3};-2\right\}\)
d) \(\left(x+2\right)^2=9\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4-9\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4-9x^2+36x-36=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-8x^2+40x-32=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(8x^2-40x+32\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-8\left(x^2-5x+4\right)=0\)
Vì \(-8\ne0\)
nên \(x^2-5x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-4x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-1\right)-4\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{1;4\right\}\)
e) \(4\left(2x+7\right)^2-9\left(x+3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(4x^2+28x+49\right)-9\left(x^2+6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16x^2+112x+196-9x^2-54x-81=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+58x+115=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^2+23x+35x+115=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(7x+23\right)+5\left(7x+23\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(7x+23\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}7x+23=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}7x=-23\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-23}{7}\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{\frac{-23}{7};-5\right\}\)
Bài 5:
a) \(\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)=\left(3x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)-\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left[\left(3x-2\right)-\left(x-1\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(3x-2-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+2=0\\x+1=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=-2\\x=-1\\2x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-2}{3}\\x=-1\\x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{-\frac{2}{3};-1;\frac{1}{2}\right\}\)
b) \(\left(x-1\right)^2-1+x^2=\left(1-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-1+x^2=x+3-x^2-3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x=-x^2-2x+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x+x^2+2x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\)
Vì \(3\ne0\)
nên \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
c) \(x^4+x^3+x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2-x+1\right)=0\)(5)
Ta có: \(x^2-x+1=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}+1=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta lại có: \(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\ne0\forall x\)(6)
Từ (5) và (6) suy ra
\(\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
Vậy: x=-1
a) (x - 2)3 + (3x - 1)(3x + 1) = (x + 1)3
<=> x3 - 6x2 + 12x - 8 + 9x2 - 1 = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1
<=> x3 + 3x2 + 12x - x3 - 3x2 - 3x = 1 + 9
<=> 9x = 10
<=> x = 10/9
vậy S = {10/9}
b) (x - 1)3 - x(x + 1)2 = 5x(2 - x) - 11(x + 2)
<=> x3 - 3x2 + 3x - 1 - x3 - 2x2 - x = 10x - 5x2 - 11x - 22
<=> -5x2 + 2x - 10x + 5x2 + 11x = -22 + 1
<=> 3x = -21
<=> x = -7
Vậy S = {-7}
c) (x + 1)(2x - 3) = (2x - 1)(x + 5)
<=> 2x2 - x - 3 = 2x2 + 9x - 5
<=> 2x2 -x - 2x2 - 9x = -5 + 3
<=>-10x = -2
<=> x = 1/5 Vậy S = {1/5}
d) (x - 1) - (2x - 1) = 9 - x
<=> x - 1 - 2x + 1 = 9 - x
<=> -x + x = 9
<=> 0x = 9 (vô nghiệm)
=> pt vô nghiệm
e) (x - 3)(x + 4) - 2(3x - 2) = (x - 4)2
<=> x2 + x - 12 - 6x + 4 = x2 - 8x + 16
<=> x2 - 5x - x2 + 8x = 16 + 8
<=> 3x = 24
<=> x = 8
Vậy S = {8}
g) (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) - 2x = x(x + 1)(x - 1)
<=> x3 + 1 - 2x = x3 - x
<=> x3 - 2x - x3 + x = -1
<=> -x = -1 <=> x = 1
Vậy S = {1}
a) (5x - 1)(2x + 1) = (5x -1)(x + 3)
<=> (5x - 1)(2x + 1) - (5x -1)(x + 3) = 0
<=> (5x - 1)(2x + 1 - x - 3) = 0
<=> (5x - 1)(x - 2) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}5x-1=0\\x-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0,2\\x=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy x = 0,2 ; x = 2 là nghiệm phương trình
b) x3 - 5x2 - 3x + 15 = 0
<=> x2(x - 5) - 3(x - 5) = 0
<=> (x2 - 3)(x - 5) = 0
<=> \(\left(x-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{3}\right)\left(x-5\right)=0\)
<=> \(x-\sqrt{3}=0\text{ hoặc }x+\sqrt{3}=0\text{ hoặc }x-5=0\)
<=> \(x=\sqrt{3}\text{hoặc }x=-\sqrt{3}\text{hoặc }x=5\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{\sqrt{3};\sqrt{-3};5\right\}\)là giá trị cần tìm
c) (x - 3)2 - (5 - 2x)2 = 0
<=> (x - 3 + 5 - 2x)(x - 3 - 5 + 2x) = 0
<=> (-x + 2)(3x - 8) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}-x+2=0\\3x-8=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=2\\x=\frac{8}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình \(S=\left\{2;\frac{8}{3}\right\}\)
d) x3 + 4x2 + 4x = 0
<=> x(x2 + 4x + 4) = 0
<=> x(x + 2)2 = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\\left(x+2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm phương trình S = \(\left\{0;-2\right\}\)
a) \(x^2+2x=\left(x-2\right).3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x=3x^2-6x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-3x^2+6x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x^2+8x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-2x=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {0;4}
b) \(x^3+x^2-x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x^2-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=\mp1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S = {-1; 1}
c) \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)\right]\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\right]=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+5x+x+5\right)\left(x^2+4x+2x+8\right)=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6x+5\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)=40\)
Đặt x2 + 6x + 5 = t
\(\Leftrightarrow t.\left(t+3\right)=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+3t=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t^2+2.t.\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{169}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{169}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{13}{2}\\t+\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{13}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{13}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{10}{2}=5\\t=-\dfrac{13}{2}-\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{16}{2}=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+6x+5=5\\x^2+6x+5=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+6x=0\\x^2+6x+13=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mà: \(x^2+6x+13=x^2+2.x.3+9+4=\left(x+3\right)^2+4\ne0\)
=> x2 + 6x = 0
<=> x. (x + 6) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {0; -6}
a) Ta có: \(x^2+2x=\left(x-2\right)\cdot3x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+2\right)-3x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left[\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x-2\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+2-3x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(-2x+8\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\-2x+8=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\-2x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={0;4}
b) Ta có: \(x^3+x^2-x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(x-1\right)\cdot\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2\cdot\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left(x+1\right)^2=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={-1;1}
c) Ta có: \(\left(x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)=40\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+4\right)-40=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6x+5\right)\left(x^2+6x+8\right)-40=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6x\right)^2+13\left(x^2+6x\right)+40-40=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6x\right)^2+13\left(x^2+6x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+6x\right)\left(x^2+6x+13\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+6x+13\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+6x+13>0\forall x\)
nên \(x\left(x+6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: S={0;-6}