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Oceans and the life they sustain are vital to humankind. Unfortunately, overfishing, climate change, and pollution threaten these habitats.
The oceans are one connected body of salt water that covers more than 70 percent of the Earth, and we depend on these waters for human survival. They influence everything from the weather to the food supply to the health of seaside communities. Yet, we are the greatest offenders when it comes to pollution.
The oceans are also teeming with creatures that are critical to our ecosystems. Fish, dolphins, squid, octopuses, eels, and whales populate the open ocean, while lobsters, starfish, oysters, crabs, and snails scurry about the ocean bottom. Mammals like walruses, otters, and polar bears depend on the ocean for their survival as well. Coral reefs are a biome of colorful activity found in shallow, tropical waters.
All areas of the ocean are impacted by human activities. Lost or discarded nets, spilled oil and garbage, runoff, and sewage are all creating dead zones in the oceans. Excess carbon dioxide turns ocean waters acidic, and freshwater from melted glaciers will alter the weather-driving currents.
Heartbreaking Ocean Pollution Facts
Scientists estimate how much floating garbage is out there, but not even oceanographers can tell us exactly how much – the oceans are just too big. In 2002, Nature magazine reported that, “…during the 1990s, debris in the waters near Britain doubled; in the Southern Ocean encircling Antarctica the increase was a hundredfold. And depending on where they sample, oceanographers have found that between 60 and 95 percent of today’s marine debris is made of plastic.”
Where does all this garbage come from?
Plastic and other garbage enters the ocean when people throw it from ships, leave it in the path of the tide, when rivers carry it there, or when sewage systems and storm drains overflow. In spite of the Ocean Dumping Reform Act, “…the US still releases more than 850 billion gallons of untreated sewage and storm runoff every year,” according to a 2004 EPA report.
This problem is significant because plastics do not degrade in seawater. Rather, they accumulate daily, and, thanks to ocean currents, the plastics travel thousands of miles.
As of April of 2017, scientists estimated that about 19 billion pounds of garbage are currently present in the world’s oceans.
“We’re being overwhelmed by our waste,” said Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer who led the 2015 study that determined this staggering number. According to Jambeck, ocean waste amounts will double by 2025 unless we do something on a global scale to reduce ocean waste.
Plastics are the top type of garbage found in the ocean. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit that organizes an annual coastal cleanup event in more than 150 countries worldwide, estimate that plastic debris makes up around 85 percent of all the trash collected from beaches, waterways and oceans.
Because plastics don’t biodegrade, they simply break down into smaller and smaller pieces as they are exposed to sunlight. These microplastics are shorter than 5 millimeters long, and some are microbeads.
The United Nations Environment Program note that, “…there could be as many as 51 trillion microplastic particles in our seas.” What is particularly alarming is the five, enormous swirling garbage convergences called “gyres”. These large garbage islands are the subject of new and innovative ocean cleaning efforts and technology.
One of the most troublesome sources of ocean garbage is litter from single-use plastic products ― plastic bags in particular. These plastics are threatening at least 600 marine life species, including leatherback turtles, whales, and seabirds. These animals mistake the plastics for food and cannot digest them, and the plastics eventually kill the animals.
People need to be educated about how widespread ocean pollution is and how it not only affects marine life, but people and the environment as well.
For example:
- Pollution is one of the biggest global killers, affecting over 100 million people.
- Over 1 million seabirds and 100,000 sea mammals are killed by pollution every year.
- The Mississippi River carries an estimated 1.5 million metric tons of nitrogen pollution into the Gulf of Mexico each year, creating a “dead zone” in the Gulf each summer.
- 40% of the freshwater lakes in the US are too polluted for fishing, aquatic life, or swimming.
- 1.2 trillion gallons of untreated sewage, storm water, and industrial waste are dumped into US water every year.
- In 2010, recycling and composting prevented 85 million tons of pollution.
- Cleanups can save animals lives and discourage people from littering in the future.
Cleaning up Ocean Pollution
It is critical that we, as residents on this planet, join together to fight ocean trash. There are multiple agencies, nonprofits, and corporations who are joining the fight, and we can support them.
The International Coastal Cleanup organization started more than 30 years ago, when communities came together to collect and document the trash along their Texas coastlines.
The organization connected with the Texas General Land Office, local businessmen and women, and other ocean-lovers, and planned what would be Ocean Conservancy’s first Cleanup. Volunteers didn’t just pick up trash; they recorded each item collected on a data card in order to help find ways to eradicate ocean trash moving forward.
The Cleanup has grown vastly in 30 years. Volunteers from states and territories across the US and more than 100 countries participate in a Cleanup event every year.
Renee Tuggle, the Texas State Coordinator for the International Coastal Cleanup, said, “What I have learned from the Cleanup experience, is that even though the Cleanup started in Texas with a small number of 2,800 volunteers… it has grown into a massive cleanup that involves both national and international volunteers all pitching in for the same common goal of cleaning up our coastal waters and taking care of our beaches. I am proud to be a part of this global movement and I appreciate all of the help and support I get from the Ocean Conservancy staff.”
At a former naval air station in Alameda, California, across the bay from San Francisco, workers are welding a football field length black tube together. It is a single piece of a larger system designated to attack the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.
Boyan Slat, the innovator behind the idea, presented his science at a TEDx talk and The Ocean Cleanup idea began. At just 18-years-old, Slat had discovered that cleaning up microplastics and microbeads currently in the ocean could take almost 80,000 years. Now, his organization is poised to clean up a huge majority of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just five years.
There are also things individuals or small groups can do to help:Be conscious of your energy use at home and work. Switch to compact fluorescent light bulbs, take the stairs, and avoid oversetting your thermostat.When you are grocery shopping or dining out, reduce the demand for overexploited species by choosing sustainably sourced seafood.Plastics kill tens of thousands of marine animals every year. Carry a reusable water bottle, use cloth totes for shopping, and always recycle whenever possible.Always clean up after yourself and participate in a beach cleanup. Explore the ocean but don’t interfere with wildlife or remove rocks and coral.Avoid buying items like coral jewelry, tortoiseshell hair accessories, and shark products.Read pet food labels and consider seafood sustainability when choosing food for your pet. Don’t stock your aquarium with wild-caught saltwater fish, and never release aquarium fish into natural bodies of water.Consider giving financial support or offering your time at volunteering.Research the ocean conservation positions of public officials before voting. Patronize restaurants and markets that offer only sustainable seafood.Practice responsible kayaking, boating, kayaking, and other activities on the water. Don’t ever litter and be aware of marine life in the water.The more you learn about this critical system, the more you can share that knowledge to educate others.The threats to our ocean ecosystems seem overwhelming. The oceans experience pollution, overfishing, climate change, and other issues. How can we make a difference as individuals? We can make a big difference starting here:Learn about the ocean and how you impact the ecosystem. Read about conservancy and restoration – and then share what you have learned.Reduce your family’s use of chemicals. Use fertilizer minimally, buy organic fruits and veggies, and choose non-toxic cleaning products.Trash doesn’t disappear. Moving water can carry loose trash to the ocean.Invest in reusable bags, beverage cups, and non-plastic containers. Always recycle.Never litter and be a part of the solution by participating in beach cleanups.Only buy products that you can guarantee were sustainably harvested. Demand sustainable seafood at the grocery store and in at favorite dining spots.On this little blue planet, we are but one species and we are the most dangerous to all the others. Our oceans and sea life are not replaceable. We can and must do our part to clean, conserve, and improve the conditions in our planet’s oceans.Without the oceans, we put our lives in jeopardy. Let’s do the smart thing and take care of our oceans.
=> Bài dịch:
Môi trường là một phần thiết yếu trong cuộc sống của chúng ta. Một môi trường sạch rất cần thiết cho một cuộc sống yên bình và khỏe mạnh. Môi trường là khu vực tự nhiên xung quanh giúp con người, động vật và những sinh vật sống khác lớn lên và phát triển một cách tự nhiên. Nhưng hiện nay, môi trường của chúng ta đang bị rối loạn bằng nhiều cách khác nhau. Bất cứ hình thức làm rối loạn sự cân bằng tự nhiên nào cũng đều ảnh hưởng đến toàn bộ môi trường. Điều này không chỉ phá hủy cuộc sống của con người mà còn ảnh hường đến tất cả mọi sinh vật sống. Chúng ta có thể bảo vệ môi trường của chúng ta bằng các hành động nhỏ của mọi người trên Trái Đất. Chúng ta nên giàm lượng rác thải, chỉ bỏ rác đúng nơi quy định… và nhiều cách đơn giản khác. Bảo vệ môi trường cho sự sinh tồn của nhân loại là điều rất quan trọng. Khi chúng ta bảo vệ môi trường, chúng ta đang bảo vệ chính bản thân mình và cả tương lai của chúng ta nữa.
mình định đánh thêm phần dịch nhưng đánh đc 1 nửa lười quá nên cap cho bạn chừng đó
Some people think that it’s better for their children to grow up in the countryside; other people think that it’s better their children to grow up in a big city. Both possibilities have some advantages and disadvantages. I’ll give advantages of each approach and I’ll argue in favor of this that it’s better for children to grow up in the countryside.
In a society where money, career and convenience are important things, many people prefer to live in big cities. Consequently their children grow up there. In the following passage I’ll state some important aspects of the life in the big cities. People go to live there at many reasons. First, a big city provides many opportunities for career and education. For instance, If I live in South Dakota I’ll have chance to live in connection with nature but there are few universities and work positions. However if I live in New York I’ll have opportunity to choose between hundreds of universities and thousands free work positions. This connection If our children grow up in a big city, they will have chance to study in prestige school. Besides, they will be prepared for the life with strong competition.
However we know that the life in a big city has some disadvantages. For instance, stress is problem number one in a big city. That is why many people think that it’s better for their children to grow up in the countryside. The life there has many advantages. First, children, which grow up in the countryside, have chance to live with connection with nature. In most cases there are more calmly and they seldom suffer from psychical diseases in contrast with children which grow in a big city. The life in the countryside is not so dynamic than life in the big city. In the countryside there are few changes. For example, children often spend their childhood in one house, they study in one school, and their parents rarely change their work positions, which reflect negative on the children. To sum up, the life in the countryside is related to few problems than this in a big city.
In conclusion, I think that it’s better for children to grow up in the countryside. That is why, the first thing that we must save is health of our children.
Bài 1 :
Learning English requires 4 skills: reading, writing, listening and speaking. In my opinion, speaking skill is the most difficult. It requires so many other skills. When someone learns speaking, they must need enough grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary to build sentences and be able to speak. To learn the three skills including reading, writing, listening is quite hard. So studying speaking is more difficult. Moreover, English words and sentences also have stress, so speak English need people to pay attention to stress. In addition to stress, learners also must study tones. It is not similar to Vietnamese. Tones and stress in English are rather complicated. Although there are some marking stress methods but there are still many excepting situations. Of course, people who want to speak well must learn those exceptions. Tones in speaking english are in many types that are correspond to each kinds of sentences. And stydying all of them is not simply. Further more, people speak well must are fluent in speaking. Speakers need to be confident when they are speaking. Make confidence in speaking a language that is not mother language is not easy. To get confidence and saying fluently, speakers should practise speaking everywhere, every time as long as they can. Speaking skill is the most difficult in the four skills in learning English. If someone has right studying method, they can get success in this skill.
Bài 2
English is an international language. It is grand for us to study it. English is also taught at all schools in our country and is a core subject in important exams. There are a lot of skills in studying English such as: reading, listening, speaking, writing, grammar and so on. Writing, in my opinion, is the most difficult one.
The first, to write well, you must have wide vocabulary knowledge and be a dab hand at using grammar and sentence structure. Because English vocabulary is immense, it is not easy for not only non-native speakers but also native ones. Therefore, you need to read a lot to increase your vocabulary. To remember new words for a long time, you must have a good memory and contact them more frequently. For grammar and sentence structure, you can spend a lot of time studying it and of course you need to be instructed how to master some difficult grammar points or complicated structures.
The second, topics for writing are plentiful. You must understand them, have certain knowledge of them if you want to write essays about them. For example, You should make head or tail of some animals to write about their lives, or you need to have understanding about traffic rules to have a suitable essay about it, etc. Little do you know some field, that means you will not be able to write well or complete your writing. It is vital that you should own a great deal of wide social knowledge to use for your writing.
Bài 3
All in all, writing skill is time-consuming. It also requires your focus on vocabulary, grammar, structure, social understanding and it is more important that you be the person knowing how to change your ideas into beautiful sentences appropriatel
