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Chỉ đúng với điều kiện A, B, C là 3 góc trong tam giác \(\Rightarrow A+B+C=\pi\)
Đặt \(\frac{A}{2}=x\) , \(\frac{B}{2}=y\); \(\frac{C}{2}=z\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+z=\frac{\pi}{2}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=\frac{\pi}{2}-z\\z=\frac{\pi}{2}-\left(x+y\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(cot\frac{A}{2}+cot\frac{B}{2}+cot\frac{C}{2}=cotx+coty+cotz=\frac{cosx}{sinx}+\frac{cosy}{siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}\)
\(=\frac{cosx.siny+cosy.sinx}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}=\frac{sin\left(x+y\right)}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}\)
\(=\frac{sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-z\right)}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny}+\frac{cosz}{sinz}=cosz\left(\frac{1}{sinx.siny}+\frac{1}{sinz}\right)\)
\(=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(sinz+sinx.siny\right)=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(sin\left(\frac{\pi}{2}-\left(x+y\right)\right)+sinxsiny\right)\)
\(=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(cos\left(x+y\right)+sinx.siny\right)\)
\(=\frac{cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}\left(cosx.cosy-sinx.siny+sinx.siny\right)\)
\(=\frac{cosx.cosy.cosz}{sinx.siny.sinz}=cotx.coty.cotz=cot\frac{A}{2}.cot\frac{B}{2}.cot\frac{C}{2}\)
a/ \(b^2-c^2=ab.cosC-ac.cosB\)
Ta có: \(b.cosC-c.cosB=ab.\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}-ac.\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2}-\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2}=\dfrac{2b^2-2c^2}{2}=b^2-c^2\) (đpcm)
b/ \(ac.cosC-ab.cosB=ac.\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}-ab.\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\)
\(=\dfrac{c^2\left(a^2+b^2-c^2\right)-b^2\left(a^2+c^2-b^2\right)}{2bc}=\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2-\left(ab\right)^2+b^4-c^4}{2bc}\)
\(=\dfrac{-a^2\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(b^2-c^2\right)\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{2bc}=\left(b^2-c^2\right).\dfrac{\left(b^2+c^2-a^2\right)}{2bc}\)
\(=\left(b^2-c^2\right).cosA\) (đpcm)
c/ \(cotA+cotB+cotC=\dfrac{cosA}{sinA}+\dfrac{cosB}{sinB}+\dfrac{cosC}{sinC}=\dfrac{2R.cosA}{a}+\dfrac{2R.cosB}{b}+\dfrac{2R.cosC}{c}\)
\(=2R\left(\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}\right)\)
\(=2R\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}\right)=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}.R\) (đpcm)
Xét trong 1 tam giác:
\(\tan A+\tan B+\tan C=\tan\left(A+B\right).\left(1-\tan A.\tan B\right)+\tan C\)
\(=\tan\left(\pi-C\right)\left(1-\tan A.\tan B\right)+\tan C\)
\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan C\)
☕ Quay lại bài toán, cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{\tan A}+\dfrac{1}{\tan B}+\dfrac{1}{\tan C}\ge\sqrt{3}\)
Theo AM-GM:
\(VT^2\ge3\left(\dfrac{1}{\tan A.\tan B}+\dfrac{1}{\tan B.\tan C}+\dfrac{1}{\tan C.\tan A}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\right)}{\tan A.\tan B.\tan C}=3\). Suy ra đpcm