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Ta có đẳng thức quen thuộc: \(\frac{xy\left(x+y\right)+yz\left(y+z\right)+zx\left(z+x\right)+2xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x+y\right)}{z}+\frac{\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\frac{\left(z+x\right)}{y}+2=\frac{\left(x+y\right)}{z}.\frac{\left(y+z\right)}{x}.\frac{\left(z+x\right)}{y}\)
Đặt \(\frac{x+y}{z}=a;\frac{y+z}{x}=b;\frac{z+x}{y}=c\) thì ta thu được giả thiết.
Vậy tồn tại các số x, y, z > 0 sao cho \(a=\frac{x+y}{z};b=\frac{y+z}{x};c=\frac{z+x}{y}\)
BĐT quy về: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT\le\frac{1}{2}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{z}{y+z}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
P/s: Em không chắc về cách trình bày ở chỗ phần đặt..., nhưng cách đặt trên luôn tồn tại đó!
Cách khác tự nhiên hơn!
\(a+b+c+2=abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}=1\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a+1};\frac{1}{b+1};\frac{1}{c+1}\right)=\left(z;x;y\right)\text{ thì }x+y+z=1\Rightarrow a=\frac{1-z}{z}=\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Tương tự: \(b=\frac{y+z}{x};c=\frac{z+x}{y}\). Rồi giải như bài ban nãy.
Bài 1:
Đặt \(a^2=x;b^2=y;c^2=z\)
Ta có:\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}}\le\frac{3}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\sqrt{\frac{4x\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\frac{3\left(x+z\right)}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left[\frac{4x\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{3\left(x+z\right)}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\right]\)
Tương tự với \(\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}}\)và \(\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}}\)
Cộng lại ta được:
\(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\left[\frac{x\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right]+\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\le\frac{3}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Sau đó bình phương hai vế rồi
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\ge8xyz\)đẳng thức đúng
Vậy...
Bài 2:
Trước hết ta chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau:
\(\frac{a}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{b}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{c}{4c+4a+b}\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Nhân cả hai vế bđt với 4(a+b+c)4(a+b+c) rồi thu gọn ta được bđt sau:
\(\frac{4a\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{4b\left(a+b+c\right)}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{4c\left(a+b+c\right)}{4c+4a+b}\)\(\le\frac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\left[\frac{4a\left(a+b+c\right)}{4a+4b+}-a\right]+\left[\frac{4b\left(a+b+c\right)}{4b+4c+a}-b\right]+\left[\frac{4c\left(a+b+c\right)}{4c+4a+b}-c\right]\le\frac{a+b+c}{3}\)
\(\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{ab}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{bc}{4c+4a+b}\le\frac{a+b+c}{9}\)
Áp dụng bđt cauchy-Schwarz ta có \(\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}=\frac{ca}{\left(2b+c\right)+2\left(2a+b\right)}\)\(\le\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{2}{2a+b}\right)\)
Từ đó ta có:
\(\text{∑}\frac{ca}{4a+4b+c}\le\frac{1}{9}\text{∑}\left(\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\frac{2ca}{2a+b}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\text{ ∑}\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\text{ ∑}\frac{2ca}{2a+b}\right)\)\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\text{ ∑}\frac{ca}{2b+c}+\text{ ∑}\frac{2ab}{2b+c}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{9}\)
Đặt VT=A rồi áp dụng bđt cauchy-Schwarz cho VT ta có
\(T^2\le3\left(\frac{a}{4a+4b+c}+\frac{b}{4b+4c+a}+\frac{c}{4c+4a+b}\right)\)\(\le3\cdot\frac{1}{3}=1\Leftrightarrow T\le1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
c bạn tự làm nhé mình mệt rồi :D
A B C D M N c b a
Kẻ BM và CN vuông góc với AD
a) AC.sin\(\frac{A}{2}\)=CN \(\le\) CD ; AB.sin\(\frac{A}{2}\)=BM \(\le\) BD
=> (AC+AB)sin\(\frac{A}{2}\)\(\le\) CD+BD = BC hay (b+c)sin\(\frac{A}{2}\)\(\le\)a <=> sin\(\frac{A}{2}\le\frac{a}{b+c}\)
dấu '=' xảy ra khi M,N, D trùng nhau hay tam giác ABC cân ở A
b) làm tương tự ta có sin\(\frac{B}{2}\le\frac{b}{a+c}\); sin\(\frac{C}{2}\le\frac{c}{a+b}\)
=> sin\(\frac{A}{2}.sin\frac{B}{2}.sin\frac{C}{2}\le\frac{a.b.c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) (1)
mà (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) \(\ge2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ca}\)=8a.b.c => (1) \(\le\frac{1}{8}\)
dấu '=' khi a=b=c hay tam giác ABC là tam giác đều
c) xét 2 tam giác CND và tam giác BMD có CN // BM ( đều vuông góc với AD) nên \(\widehat{NCD}=\widehat{MBD}\); lại có \(\widehat{NDC}=\widehat{BDM}\)
=> là 2 tam giác đồng dạng => \(\frac{DN}{DM}=\frac{NC}{MB}=\frac{AC.sin\frac{A}{2}}{AB.sin\frac{A}{2}}=\frac{b}{c}=>DN=DM.\frac{b}{c}\)
AD = AM+MD => \(\frac{b}{c}AD=\frac{b}{c}AM+\frac{b}{c}MD\)
AD= AN-ND
=>cộng vế theo vế ta được AD(\(\frac{b}{c}+1\)) = \(\frac{b}{c}\)AM+\(\frac{b}{c}MD\)+ AN - ND = \(\frac{b}{c}AM+AN\)= \(\frac{b}{c}ABcos\frac{A}{2}+ACcos\frac{A}{2}\)=\(\frac{b}{c}.c.cos\frac{A}{2}+bcos\frac{A}{2}\)= 2b.\(cos\frac{A}{2}\)
=> AD(\(\frac{b+c}{c}\)) = 2b\(cos\frac{A}{2}\) <=> AD= \(\frac{2bc.cos\frac{A}{2}}{b+c}\)
Nhân 2 vế của giả thiết với \(abc\) ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=abc\)
Ta có: \(\frac{a^2}{a+bc}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+abc}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{b^2}{b+ca}+\frac{b+c}{8}+\frac{b+a}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4};\frac{c^2}{c+ab}+\frac{c+a}{8}+\frac{c+b}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT+\frac{4a+4b+4c}{8}\ge\frac{3a+3b+3c}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT+\frac{2a+2b+2c}{4}\ge\frac{3a+3b+3c}{4}\Leftrightarrow VT\ge VP\)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=abc\)
\(VT=\frac{a^3}{a^2+abc}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+abc}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+abc}\)
\(VT=\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ca}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ca}\)
\(VT=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64}}=\frac{3a}{4}\\\frac{b^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b+c}{8}+\frac{a+b}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{64}}=\frac{3b}{4}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a+c}{8}+\frac{b+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{64}}=\frac{3c}{4}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{a+bc}+\frac{b^2}{b+ca}+\frac{c^2}{c+ab}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Câu 1: Đặt \(S=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1-y^2}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(1-x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(1-y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
\(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(3-3y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}\le\frac{3-3x+x+1}{2}=\frac{4-2x}{2}=2-x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x}{\sqrt{\left(3-3x\right)\left(x+1\right)}}\ge\frac{x}{2-x}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{y}{\sqrt{\left(3-3y\right)\left(y+1\right)}}\ge\frac{y}{2-y}\)
Từ đó: \(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{x}{2-x}+\frac{y}{2-y}=\frac{x^2}{2x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{2y-y^2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz: \(\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{x^2}{2x-x^2}+\frac{y^2}{2y-y^2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}=\frac{1}{2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{S}{\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{1}{2-\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow S\ge\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{3}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)(ĐPCM).
Dấu bằng có <=> \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\).
Câu 4: Sửa đề CMR: \(abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}+\frac{1}{1+d}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+b}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+c}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{1+d}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{1+a}=\frac{b}{1+b}+\frac{c}{1+c}+\frac{d}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{bcd}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)(AM-GM)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{1+b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{acd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)\(;\frac{1}{1+c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+d\right)}}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+d}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\)
Nhân 4 BĐT trên theo vế thì có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\ge81\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(abcd\right)^3}{\left[\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)\right]^3}}\)
\(=81.\frac{abcd}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)\left(1+d\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow81.abcd\le1\Leftrightarrow abcd\le\frac{1}{81}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu "=" có <=> \(a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{3}\).
Bài 2:b) \(9=\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{b^3}+1+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{c^3}+1+1\right)\)
\(\ge3\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\therefore\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le3\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\frac{1}{48}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)
Ai có cách hay?
1/Đặt a=1/x,b=1/y,c=1/z ->x+y+z=1.
2a) \(VT=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(=\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^4b^4}\right]}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{a^3b^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4\left(ab\right)^3}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{4\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\right]^3}=\frac{16}{\left(a+b\right)^3}\)
Đây nhé
Đặt b + c = x ; c + a = y ; a + b = z
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=2c+b+a=2c+z\\y+z=2a+b+c=2a+x\\x+z=2b+a+c=2b+y\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+y-z}{2}=c;\frac{y+z-x}{2}=a;\frac{x+z-y}{2}=b\)
Thay vào PT đã cho ở đề bài , ta có :
\(\frac{y+z-x}{2x}+\frac{x+z-y}{2y}+\frac{x+y-z}{2z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}-3\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
( cái này cô - si cho x/y + /x ; x/z + z/x ; y/z + z/y)
a) đề bị sai , nếu giữ nguyên như kia thì phải thêm ĐK a+b+c=3
b) Áp dụng Bất đẳng thức cauchy cho 3 số:
\(\frac{a}{a+1}+\frac{b}{b+1}+\frac{c}{c+1}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)(1)
\(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{c+1}\ge\frac{3}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)(2)
cộng theo vế (1) và (2): \(3\ge\frac{3+3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge\left(1+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^3\)(đpcm)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Vì \(\frac{1}{a}\)+\(\frac{1}{b}\)+\(\frac{1}{c}\)=3 ==> \(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2\)=9= \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ca}\)
ta có \(\frac{2}{ab}+\frac{2}{bc}+\frac{2}{ca}\)= \(\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}\)=2
==> đpcm
1/a +1/b +1/c =3 hay bằng 2