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\(\text{Áp dụng BĐT Bunhia... cho 2 bộ số (a;b;c) và (x;y;z), ta có: }\)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\text{Dấu = xảy ra }\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\text{(đpcm)}\)
Chả biết có đúng không '-'
Sửa lại đề:\(\left(ax+by+cz\right)\rightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
Ta có:\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2-2aybx-2bzcy-2azcx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
Vì\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0\)
Suy ra:\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0\)
Mà\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\az-cx=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\az=cx\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\end{cases}}\)\(\left(x,y,z\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy...
Linz
\(\frac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
Mà \(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2x^2+2abxy+2acxz+2bcyz\)
Nên \(a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2=2abxy+2acxz+2bcyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2-2abxy-2acxz-2bcyz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y^2-2abxy+b^2x^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2acxz+c^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bcyz+c^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay=bx\\az=cx\\bz=cy\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\) (đpcm)
Áp dụng : A = - A => A = 0
Từ \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-\left(b+c\right)\\b=-\left(c+a\right)\\c=-\left(a+b\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-\left(y+z\right)\\y=-\left(x+z\right)\\z=-\left(x+y\right)\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2\\y^2=\left(x+z\right)^2\\z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\end{cases}}}\)
Và \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)
Ta có : \(x^2a+y^2b+x^2c=\)\(\left(y+z\right)^2a+\left(x+z\right)^2b+\left(x+y\right)^2c\)
= \(x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)\)\(+2\left(ayz+bxz+cxy\right)\)
= \(-\left(x^2a+y^2b+z^2c\right)\) => \(x^2a+y^2b+x^2c=\) 0
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=-b-c\\x=-y-z\end{cases}}\)
\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(-b-c\right)}{\left(-y-z\right)}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2byz+2cyz+bz^2+cy^2=0\)
Ta lại có:
\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=\left(-b-c\right)\left(-y-z\right)^2+by^2+cz^2\)
\(=-2byz-2cyz-bz^2-cy^2=0\)
a) \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+2abxy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2x^2-2abxy+a^2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx\right)^2-2\cdot bx\cdot ay+\left(ay\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx-ay\right)^2=0\Rightarrow bx=ay\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\right)\)
b) \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2abxy+2bcyz+2acxz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2x^2-2bxay+a^2y^2+b^2z^2-2bzcy+c^2y^2+a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(bx-ay\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2=0\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}bx=ay\\bz=cy\\az=cx\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{a}{x}=\frac{c}{z}\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\right)}\)
c) \(\left(a+b\right)^2=2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab=2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
a, Tương đương : \(a^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2\) = \(a^2x^2+2axby+b^2y^2\)
\(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2=0\)
\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\) = 0
\(ay-bx=0\)
\(ay=bx\)
\(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\) dpcm
Câu b, c làm tương tự câu a
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có: \(\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}=\frac{a+b+c}{x+y+z}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=kx;b=ky;c=kz\Rightarrow a^2=k^2x^2;b^2=k^2y^2;c^2=k^2z^2\\a+b+c=k\left(x+y+z\right)\end{cases}}\)
Có: \(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(kx^2+ky^2+kz^2\right)^2}=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{k^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}=\frac{1}{k^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{k^2x^2+k^2y^2+k^2z^2}=\frac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)(đpcm)
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)
=>\(a^2x^2+a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2y^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2+c^2z^2=a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2czax\)
=>\(a^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2x^2+c^2y^2=2axby+2bycz+2czax\)
=>\(\left(a^2y^2-2aybx+b^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bzcy+c^2y^2\right)+\left(c^2x^2-2cxaz+a^2z^2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2=0\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\\\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\cx-az=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\cx=az\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}\\\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}\\\frac{c}{z}=\frac{a}{x}\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\frac{a}{x}=\frac{b}{y}=\frac{c}{z}}\) (đpcm)