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a: \(\left(n^2+3n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)-n^3+2\)
\(=n^3+2n^2+3n^2+6n-n-2+n^3+2\)
\(=5n^2+5n=5\left(n^2+n\right)⋮5\)
b: \(\left(6n+1\right)\left(n+5\right)-\left(3n+5\right)\left(2n-1\right)\)
\(=6n^2+30n+n+5-6n^2+3n-10n+5\)
\(=24n+10⋮2\)
d: \(=\left(n+1\right)\left(n^2+2n\right)\)
\(=n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)⋮6\)
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{8}\right).\left(1+\frac{1}{15}\right)...\left(1+\frac{1}{n^2+2n}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{3+1}{3}.\frac{8+1}{8}.\frac{15+1}{15}...\frac{n^2+2n+1}{n^2+2n}\)
\(A=\frac{4}{3}.\frac{9}{8}.\frac{16}{15}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n^2+2n}\)
\(A=\frac{2.2}{1.3}.\frac{3.3}{2.4}.\frac{4.4}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2.3...n}.\frac{2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4.5...\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(A=\left(n+1\right).\frac{2}{n+2}=\frac{2.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
Ta có : \(1+\frac{1}{k^2+2k}=\frac{k^2+2k+1}{k^2+2k}=\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2}{k\left(k+2\right)}\) với k thuộc N*
Áp dụng với k = 1,2,3,....,n được :
\(A=\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{8}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{15}\right)...\left(1+\frac{1}{n^2+2n}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(1+1\right)^2}{1.\left(1+2\right)}.\frac{\left(2+1\right)^2}{2.\left(2+2\right)}.\frac{\left(3+1\right)^2}{3.\left(3+2\right)}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n.\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left[2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}{1.2.3...n.3.4.5...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left[\left(n+1\right)!\right]^2}{n!.\frac{\left(n+2\right)!}{2}}\)
\(\left(-2\right).\left(-1\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(-1\frac{1}{3}\right).....\left(-1\frac{1}{2013}\right)\)
\(=\left(-2\right).\left(\frac{-3}{2}\right)\left(-\frac{4}{3}\right)......\left(\frac{-2014}{2013}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(-2\right).\left(-3\right).\left(-4\right)....\left(-2014\right)}{2.3.....2013}\)
\(=\frac{2.3.4....2014\left(\text{Vì có 2014 thừa số âm }\right)}{2.3....2013}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2.3.4....2013\right).2014}{2.3....2013}\)
\(=2014\)
\(1^2+2^2+3^2+.......+n^2=1\times\left(2-1\right)+2\times\left(3-1\right)+.......+n\left(\left(n+1\right)-1\right)\)=\(\left(1.2+2.3+3.4+......+n\left(n+1\right)\right)-\left(1+2+3+.....+n\right)\)=\(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)-0.1.2}{3}-\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\)
sử dụng qui nạp:
1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ...+ n² = \(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{6}\) (*)
(*) đúng khi n= 1
giả sử (*) đúng với n= k, ta có:
1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ...+ k² = \(\frac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}{6}\) (1)
ta cm (*) đúng với n = k +1, thật vậy từ (1) cho ta:
1² + 2² + 3² + 4² + ...+ k² + (k + 1)² = \(\frac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(2k+1\right)}{6}\) + (k + 1)²
= (k+1)\(\left(\frac{k\left(2k+1\right)}{6}+\left(k+1\right)\right)\)= (k + 1)\(\frac{2k^2+k+6k+6}{6}\)
= (k + 1)\(\frac{2k^2+7k+6}{6}\) = (k + 1)\(\frac{2k^2+4k+3k+6}{6}\)
= (k + 1)\(\frac{2k\left(k+2\right)+3\left(k+2\right)}{6}\) = (k + 1)\(\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(2k+3\right)}{6}\)
vậy (*) đúng với n = k + 1, theo nguyên lý qui nạp (*) đúng với mọi n thuộc N*
a: \(\left(n^2+3n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)-n^3+2\)
\(=n^3+2n^2+3n^2+6n-n-2-n^3+2\)
\(=5n^2+5n⋮5\)
b: \(\left(6n+1\right)\left(n+5\right)-\left(3n+5\right)\left(2n-1\right)\)
\(=\left(6n^2+30n+n+5\right)-\left(6n^2-3n+10n-5\right)\)
\(=6n^2+31n+5-6n^2-7n+5\)
\(=24n+10⋮2\)
4. (3/4-81)(3^2/5-81)(3^3/6-81)....(3^6/9-81).....(3^2011/2014-81)
mà 3^6/9-81=0 => (3/4-81)(3^2/5-81)....(3^2011/2014-81)=0
n(2n-3)-2n(n+1)=2n2-3n-2n2-2n=-5n chia hết cho 5 với mọi n
=>dpcm
n(2n - 3) - 2n(n + 1)
= 2n2 - 3n - 2n2 - 2n
= -3n - 2n
= -5n chia hết cho 5