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a) \(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}< 1\)
\(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}=\left(\frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+...+\frac{1}{70}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{91}+\frac{1}{92}+...+\frac{1}{100}\right)\)\(\frac{1}{60}\cdot10< \frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{50}\cdot10\)
\(\frac{1}{6}< \frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{5}\)(1)
\(\frac{1}{70}\cdot10< \frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+...+\frac{1}{70}< \frac{1}{60}\cdot10\)
\(\frac{1}{7}< \frac{1}{61}+\frac{1}{62}+...+\frac{1}{70}< \frac{1}{6}\)(2)
.... (tương tự )
\(\frac{1}{100}\cdot10< \frac{1}{91}+\frac{1}{92}+...+\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{90}\cdot10\)
\(\frac{1}{10}< \frac{1}{91}+...+\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{9}\)
Từ (1)(2)(3)(4) và (5)
\(\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{10}< \frac{1}{51}+\frac{1}{52}+...+\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{7}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{9}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{1624}{2520}< \frac{1}{51}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
\(1>\frac{1879}{2520}>\frac{1}{51}+...+\frac{1}{100}\)
Chứng minh: \(\frac{11}{15}< \frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\).
tách bất đẳng thức trên ta có \(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)gọi biều thức này là A
ta có \(A=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+...+\frac{1}{60}\)
\(A=\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>20.\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+40.\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)nhân vế trái vs 20 vế phải 40
\(\Rightarrow A>20.\left(\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{40}\right)+40.\left(\frac{1}{40}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{5}{6}>\frac{11}{5}\left(1\right)\)
ta có \(A< 40.\left(\frac{20}{20.21}+\frac{21}{21.22}+\frac{22}{22.23}+...+\frac{39}{39.40}\right)+60.\left(\frac{40}{40.41}+\frac{41}{41.42}+...+\frac{59}{59.60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 40.\left(\frac{1}{20}-\frac{1}{40}\right)+60.\left(\frac{1}{40}-\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{3}{2}\left(2\right)\)
từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{15}< A< \frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{11}{15}< \text{}\text{}\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+\frac{1}{23}+..+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\)(ĐPCM)
Đặt \(C=\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+....+\frac{1}{60}=\left(\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{21}>\frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{22}>\frac{1}{40};....\frac{1}{39}>\frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+....+\frac{1}{39}+\frac{1}{40}>\frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{41}>\frac{1}{60};\frac{1}{42}>\frac{1}{60};...\frac{1}{59}>\frac{1}{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{60}+\frac{1}{60}+...+\frac{1}{60}=\frac{1}{60}.20=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}>\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5}{6}>\frac{11}{15}\)
Vậy \(C>\frac{11}{15}\) (1)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{21}< \frac{1}{20};\frac{1}{22}< \frac{1}{20};...\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{40}< \frac{1}{20}+....+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{1}{20}.20=1\)
\(\frac{1}{41}< \frac{1}{40};\frac{1}{42}< \frac{1}{40};...\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{41}+\frac{1}{42}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{40}+\frac{1}{40}+...+\frac{1}{40}=\frac{1}{40}.20=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{1}{2}+1=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(C< \frac{3}{2}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\frac{11}{15}< \frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{22}+...+\frac{1}{60}< \frac{3}{2}\)