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Theo AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+1\ge2ab+2b\Rightarrow a^2+2b^2+3\ge2ab+2b+2\)
\(=2\left(ab+b+1\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+2b^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(ab+b+1\right)}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{b^2+2c^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(bc+c+1\right)};\dfrac{1}{c^2+2a^2+3}\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(ca+a+1\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{bc+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{ca+a+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{ab+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{ab+b+1}\right)\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab+b+1}{ab+b+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}=VP\)
2a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+a+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức \(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\forall a,b>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ( đpcm )
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Mà \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2b)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+a^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\\1+b^2\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\1+c^2\ge2\sqrt{c^2}=2c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}\le\dfrac{b}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{c}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{b}{1+b^2}+\dfrac{c}{1+c^2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) ( đpcm )
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1)
Nháp : nhìn nhanh ta thấy nên áp dụng BĐT \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Giải
Vì x,y > 0 =) 2x + y > 0 , x + 2y > 0
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy dạng phân thức cho hai bộ số không âm \(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\)và\(\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+2y+2x+y}=\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}=4\)
Dấu '' = "xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x + 2y = y + 2x (=) x=y
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐt cauchy dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\ge\dfrac{4}{3\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x+3y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\right)\ge\left(3x+3y\right).\dfrac{4}{3x+3y}=4\)
dấu = xảy ra khi 2x+y=x+2y <=> x=y
Bài 2:
ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\ge\dfrac{4^2}{a+b+c+d}=\dfrac{16}{a+b+c+d}\)(theo BĐt cauchy-schwarz)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b+c+d}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{d}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT trên vào bài toán ta có:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)\(A\le\dfrac{1}{16}.4\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
......
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT cauchy cho 2 số dương:
\(a^2+1\ge2a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\le\dfrac{a}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
thiết lập tương tự:\(\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
cả 2 vế các BĐT đều dương ,cộng vế với vế,ta có dpcm
dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(A=\dfrac{4a+2b-6b-8a+4b}{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)}:\dfrac{4a^2-b^2+4a^2+b^2}{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-4a}{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)}{8a^2}=\dfrac{-1}{2a}\)
1: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x+1\right)=3+x^2-x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+1=x^2-4+3x+3=x^2+3x-1\)
=>-4x=-2
hay x=1/2
2: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+6\right)^2+\left(x-5\right)^2=2x^2+23x+61\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+12x+36+x^2-10x+25=2x^2+23x+61\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+23x+61=2x^2+2x+11\)
=>21x=-50
hay x=-50/21
3: \(\Leftrightarrow6\left(x-8\right)+\left(x+2\right)\left(x-5\right)=-18-\left(x-5\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6x-48+x^2-3x-10+18+x^2-13x+40=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-10x=0\)
=>2x(x-5)=0
=>x=0(nhận) hoặc x=5(loại)
Bài 1:
a). Ta có: a < b
=> -6a > -6b
mà 3 > 1
=> \(3-6a>1-6b\)
b)
Ta có: a < b
=> a - 2 < b - 2
=> \(7\left(a-2\right)< 7\left(b-2\right)\)
c)
Ta có: a < b
=> -2a > -2b
=> 1 - 2a > 1 - 2b
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1-2a}{3}>\dfrac{1-2b}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a^2-2a+4}{a^2+2a+4}>=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{a^2-2a+4}{a^2+2a+4}< =3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a^2-6a+12-a^2-2a-4>=0\\a^2-2a+4-3a^2-6a-12< =0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a^2-8a+8>=0\\-2a^2-8a-8< =0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\left(a-2\right)^2>=0\left(đúng\right)\\-2\left(a+2\right)^2< =0\left(đúng\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>ĐPCM